19th century

===Music===
{{main|List of Romantic-era composers|Romantic music|Romanticism}}
[[File:Beethoven.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]]]
[[File:Porträt des Komponisten Pjotr I. Tschaikowski (1840-1893).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]]]
[[Sonata form]] matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the 19th century was referred to as being in the [[Romantic music|Romantic]] style. Many great composers lived through this era such as [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], [[Franz Liszt]], [[Frédéric Chopin]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] and [[Richard Wagner]]. The list includes:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Mily Balakirev]]
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
*[[Hector Berlioz]]
*[[Georges Bizet]]
*[[Alexander Borodin]]
*[[Johannes Brahms]]
*[[Anton Bruckner]]
*[[Frédéric Chopin]]
*[[Claude Debussy]]
*[[Antonín Dvořák]]
*[[Mikhail Glinka]]
*[[Edvard Grieg]]
*[[Scott Joplin]]
*[[Alexandre Levy]]
*[[Franz Liszt]]
*[[Gustav Mahler]]
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
*[[Modest Mussorgsky]]
*[[Jacques Offenbach]]
*[[Niccolò Paganini]]
*[[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]
*[[Gioachino Rossini]]
*[[Anton Rubinstein]]
*[[Camille Saint-Saëns]]
*[[Antonio Salieri]]
*[[Franz Schubert]]
*[[Robert Schumann]]
*[[Alexander Scriabin]]
*[[Arthur Sullivan]]
*[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
*[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
*[[Richard Wagner]]
{{div col end}}