Sleep deprivation

===Microsleeps===
[[Microsleep]]s are periods of brief sleep that most frequently occur when a person has a significant level of sleep deprivation. Microsleeps usually last for a few seconds, usually no longer than 15 seconds,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Skorucak J, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Schreier DR, Malafeev A, Mathis J, Achermann P | title = Automatic detection of microsleep episodes with feature-based machine learning | journal = Sleep | volume = 43 | issue = 1 | pages = zsz225 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31559424 | doi = 10.1093/sleep/zsz225 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and happen most frequently when a person is trying to stay awake when they are feeling sleepy.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/need-sleep/glossary/k-m|title = Glossary K-M|date = 2012|website = Get Sleep|publisher = Harvard Medical School|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122751/http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/need-sleep/glossary/k-m|archive-date = 2 April 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The person usually falls into microsleep while doing a monotonous task like driving, reading a book, or staring at a [[computer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Microsleep {{!}} Microsleeps|url = http://www.sleepdex.org/microsleep.htm|website = www.sleepdex.org|access-date = 14 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303102646/http://www.sleepdex.org/microsleep.htm|archive-date = 3 March 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> Microsleeps are similar to [[syncope (medicine)|blackouts]], and a person experiencing them is not consciously aware that they are occurring.

An even lighter type of sleep has been seen in rats that have been kept awake for long periods of time. In a process known as [[local sleep]], specific localized brain regions went into periods of short (~80 ms) but frequent (~40/min) NREM-like states. Despite the on-and-off periods where neurons shut off, the rats appeared to be awake, although they performed poorly at tests.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vyazovskiy VV, Olcese U, Hanlon EC, Nir Y, Cirelli C, Tononi G | title = Local sleep in awake rats | journal = Nature | volume = 472 | issue = 7344 | pages = 443–447 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21525926 | pmc = 3085007 | doi = 10.1038/nature10009 | bibcode = 2011Natur.472..443V }}</ref>
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