Sacramento, California

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1850= 6820
|1860= 13785
|1870= 16283
|1880= 21420
|1890= 26386
|1900= 29282
|1910= 44696
|1920= 65908
|1930= 93750
|1940= 105958
|1950= 137572
|1960= 191667
|1970= 257105
|1980= 275741
|1990= 369365
|2000= 407018
|2010= 466488
|2020= 524943
|estimate= 528001
|estyear=2022
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts" />
}}

In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for ''Time'' magazine named Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City."<ref name=MostDiverseCity-TIME>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,340694,00.html|title=Welcome to America's Most Diverse City|date=August 25, 2002|first=Ron|last=Stodghill|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717234557/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,340694,00.html|archive-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau also groups Sacramento with other U.S. cities having a "high diversity" rating of the [[diversity index]].<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/atlas/censr01-104.pdf The Geography of U.S. Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116175229/https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/atlas/censr01-104.pdf |date=January 16, 2019}} (PDF). United States Census. Retrieved on June 15, 2007.</ref> Moreover, Sacramento is one of the most well-integrated U.S. cities, having a relatively high level of ethnic and racial heterogeneity within its neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-most-diverse-cities-are-often-the-most-segregated/ |last=Silver |first=Nate |author-link=Nate Silver |title=The Most Diverse Cities Are Often The Most Segregated |date=May 1, 2015 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202045406/http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-most-diverse-cities-are-often-the-most-segregated/ |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Chinese people are the largest Asian ethnic group in Sacramento, followed by Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, Hmong and Japanese.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/5views/5views4b.htm | title=Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (Japanese Americans) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sacbee.com/news/local/article240711401.html|title=Census has stopped field work, but improving outreach to ethnic communities has not|website=The Sacramento Bee}}</ref>

[[File:CathBSlow (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament in Sacramento|Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament]], the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento|Diocese of Sacramento]]]]
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historical racial composition !! 2020<ref name="census2" />!! 2010<ref name="census2" />!! 1990<ref name="census1" /> !! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1940<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[White American|White]] || 46.3% || 45.0% || 60.1% || 81.5% || 94.2%
|-
| —Non-Hispanic || 32.4% || 34.5% || 53.4% || 71.4%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[African American]] || 13.2% || 14.6% || 15.3% || 10.7% || 1.4%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 28.9% || 26.9% || 16.2% || 11.0%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 18.9% || 18.3% || 15.0% || 6.5% || 4.3%
|}

===2020===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Sacramento, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Sacramento city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sacramento city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sacramento city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0664000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|164,974
|161,062
|style='background: #ffffe6; |158,999
|40.53%
|34.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |30.29%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|61,136
|64,967
|style='background: #ffffe6; |66,012
|15.02%
|13.93%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12.58%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|3,149
|2,586
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,480
|0.77%
|0.55%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.47%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|66,598
|83,841
|style='background: #ffffe6; |102,200
|16.36%
|17.97%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19.47%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|3,637
|6,392
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,282
|0.89%
|1.37%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.58%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|1,494
|1,253
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,517
|0.37%
|0.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.67%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|18,056
|21,111
|style='background: #ffffe6; |32,200
|4.44%
|4.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.13%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|87,974
|125,276
|style='background: #ffffe6; |151,253
|21.61%
|26.86%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |28.81%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''407,018'''
|'''466,488'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''524,943'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

=== 2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0664000|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715140422/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0664000|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Sacramento city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported Sacramento had a population of 466,488. The population density was {{convert|4,660.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. <!-- {{convert|4,660.0|/sqmi|/km2}} -->

Hispanic or Latino of any race were 138,165 persons (26.9%); 22.6% of [[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Sacramento (5559878519).png|thumb|right|Map of racial distribution in Sacramento, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <span style="color:#f00;">'''White'''</span>, <span style="color:#00f;">'''Black'''</span>, <span style="color:#00ff80">'''Asian'''</span>, <span style="color:#ff8000">'''Hispanic'''</span>, or <span style="color:yellow">'''other'''</span>]]Sacramento's population is of Mexican heritage which amounts to over four-fifths of the city's Hispanic/Latino diaspora, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Nicaraguan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=U.S. Census website |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 27, 2011 |url=https://www.census.gov}}</ref> [[Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 34.5% of the population in 2010,<ref name="census2">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0664000.html |title=Sacramento (city), California |website=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=April 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814085921/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0664000.html |archive-date=August 14, 2012}}</ref> down from 71.4% in 1970.<ref name="census1">{{cite web|title=California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>

The Census reported 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. The recent{{when|date=April 2020}} housing crash has not impacted these numbers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 27,640 (15.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10,534 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 13,234 (7.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 2,498 (1.4%) [[Domestic partnership in California|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 53,342 households (30.5%) were made up of individuals, and 14,926 (8.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62. There were 103,730 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (59.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.37.
[[File:Sacramento, CA — Westminster Presbyterian Church (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Westminster Presbyterian Church (Sacramento, California)|Westminster Presbyterian Church]]]]The age distribution of the city is as follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people (29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,907.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and 88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units.

Sacramento has one of the highest [[LGBT]] populations per capita, ranking seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual.<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.com/ABPub/zoom/html/2003432941.html |title=12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=November 15, 2006 |access-date=June 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415172007/http://seattletimes.com/ABPub/zoom/html/2003432941.html |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Lavender Heights, Sacramento, California|Lavender Heights]] is the hub for LGBTQ activities in the city{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} and is a centrally located district in [[Midtown Sacramento]] centered within and around K & 20th streets.