Racial segregation

=== Fiji ===

[[1987 Fijian coups d'état|Two military coups]] in [[Fiji]] in 1987 removed a democratically elected government led by [[Indo-Fijians]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2009 |title=Country profile: Fiji |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1300477.stm |access-date=18 January 2010}}</ref> This coup was supported principally by the [[Fijians|ethnic Fijian]] population.

A new constitution was promulgated in 1990, establishing Fiji as a republic, with the offices of [[President of Fiji|President]], [[Prime Minister of Fiji|Prime Minister]], two-thirds of the [[Senate of Fiji|Senate]], and a clear majority of the [[House of Representatives of Fiji|House of Representatives]] reserved for ethnic Fijians; ethnic Fijian ownership of the land was also entrenched in the constitution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tom Cockrem |title=Fiji: History |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/fiji/history |access-date=18 January 2010 |publisher=Lonelyplanet.com |archive-date=17 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817174841/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/fiji/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of these provisions were ended with the promulgation of the [[1997 Constitution of Fiji|1997 Constitution]], although the President (and 14 of the 32 Senators) were still selected by the all-indigenous [[Great Council of Chiefs]]. The last of these distinctions were removed by the [[2013 Constitution of Fiji|2013 Constitution]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2015 |title=President signs long-awaited Fiji constitution into law |work=Australia Network News |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-06/fiji-constitution-assent/4941404}}</ref>

Fiji's case is a situation of ''de facto'' racial segregation,<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2006 |title=UN seminar highlights concern in Fiji over racial segregation |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=23319 |access-date=18 January 2010 |publisher=Rnzi.com}}</ref> as Fiji has a long complex history of more than 3500 years as a divided tribal nation, with unification under 96 years of [[Colony of Fiji|British rule]] also bringing other racial groups, particularly immigrants from the Indian subcontinent.