Quebec

===Aboriginals===
{{Main|Indigenous peoples in Quebec}}
[[File:Communautés_autochtones_du_Québec.png|thumb|Map of aboriginal communities in Quebec, this includes [[Indian reserve|reserves]], [[Indian settlement|settlements]] and [[Types of municipalities in Quebec#Aboriginal local municipal units|northern villages]]. {{legend|#800080|Algonquins}}{{legend|#ffd42a|Attikameks}}{{legend|#c87137|Abenakis}}{{legend|#2affd5|Crees}}{{legend|#808080|Hurons-Wendat}}{{legend|#008000|Innus}}{{legend|#1a1a1a|Maliseets}}{{legend|#c83771|Micmacs}}{{legend|#800000|Mohawks}}{{legend|#88aa00|Naskapis}}{{legend|#0000ff|Inuit}}]]
In 2021, the Indigenous population of Quebec numbered 205,010 (2.5% of the population), including 15,800 [[Inuit]], 116,550 [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] people, and 61,010 [[Métis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00051209034&SearchText=halifax |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> There is an undercount, as some Indian bands regularly refuse to participate in Canadian censuses. In 2016, the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] reserves of [[Kahnawake]] and [[Doncaster, Quebec|Doncaster 17]] along with the [[Indian settlement]] of [[Kanesatake]] and [[Rapid Lake|Lac-Rapide]], a reserve of the [[Algonquins of Barriere Lake]], were not counted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dq-qd/iir-rii-eng.cfm |title=Incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements|date=January 3, 2019|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>

The Inuit of Quebec live mainly in [[Nunavik]] in [[Nord-du-Québec]]. They make up the majority of the population living north of the 55th parallel. There are ten First Nations ethnic groups in Quebec: the [[Abenaki]], the [[Algonquin people|Algonquin]], the [[Attikamek]], the [[Cree]], the [[Wolastoqiyik]], the [[Mi'kmaq]], the [[Innu]], the [[Naskapi]]s, the [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron-Wendat]] and the [[Mohawks]]. The Mohawks were once part of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]].
Aboriginal rights were enunciated in the [[Indian Act]] and adopted at the end of the 19th century. This act confines [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] within the [[Indian reserve|reserves]] created for them. The Indian Act is still in effect today.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 30, 2019|title=Loi sur les Indiens|url=http://lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/Loi/I/I-5.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110706182157/http://laws%2Dlois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/I%2D5.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 6, 2011|publisher=justice.gc.ca|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref> In 1975, the [[Cree]], [[Inuit]] and the Quebec government agreed to an agreement called the [[James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement]] that would extended indigenous rights beyond reserves, and to over two-thirds of Quebec's territory. Because this extension was enacted without the participation of the [[Government of Canada|federal government]], the extended indigenous rights only exist in Quebec. In 1978, the [[Naskapi]]s joined the agreement when the [[Northeastern Quebec Agreement]] was signed. Discussions have been underway with the Montagnais of the [[Côte-Nord]] and [[Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean]] for the potential creation of a similar autonomy in two new distinct territories that would be called ''Innu Assi'' and ''Nitassinan''.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 15, 2009|title=Entente Québec-Innus|url=http://www.versuntraite.com/accueil.htm|publisher=Secrétariat aux Affaires intergouvernementales}}</ref>

A few political institutions have also been created over time:
* The [[Assembly of First Nations Quebec-Labrador]]<ref>{{cite web|title=APNQL|url=https://apnql.com/fr/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331200331/http://apnql.com/fr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Grand Council of the Crees]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Grand Conseil des Cris (Eeyou Istchee)/Gouvernement de la Nation Crie|url=https://www.cngov.ca/fr/gouvernance-et-structure/gcc-ei-gnc-role-mission-vision/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|publisher=The Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)}}</ref>
* The [[Makivik Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bienvenue sur le site Internet de la Société MakivikAu service des Inuit du Nunavik depuis 1978|url=https://www.makivik.org/fr/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|publisher=Makivik Corporation|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515210120/https://www.makivik.org/fr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>