North America

===Canada and Panama Canal===
{{Main|Canada|Panama Canal}}
In 1867, colonial settlers north of the United States, unified as the dominion of [[Canada]]. The U.S. sought to dig a canal across the [[Isthmus of Panama]] in present-day [[Panama]] in Central America, then a part of present-day [[Colombia]]. The U.S. aided Panamanians in a war that resulted in its separation from Colombia. The U.S. subsequently carved out the [[Panama Canal Zone]], and claimed sovereignty over it. After decades of work, the [[Panama Canal]] was completed, which connected the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] oceans in 1913 and greatly facilitated global shipping navigation.