New Zealand

===Media and entertainment===
{{main|Music of New Zealand|Cinema of New Zealand|Media of New Zealand}}

New Zealand music has been influenced by [[blues]], [[jazz]], [[country music|country]], [[rock and roll]] and [[hip hop music|hip hop]], with many of these genres given a unique New Zealand interpretation.<ref name="music">{{cite book |first=Nancy |last=Swarbrick |chapter=Creative life – Music |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=June 2010 |chapter-url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/creative-life/7 |access-date=21 January 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514223830/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/creative-life/7 |archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Māori developed traditional chants and songs from their ancient Southeast Asian origins, and after centuries of isolation created a unique "monotonous" and "[[wikt:doleful|doleful]]" sound.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Alexander |editor-last=McLintock |title=Maori Music |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/maori-music/1 |access-date=15 February 2011 |date=April 2009 |orig-year=1966 |encyclopedia=[[An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]]}}</ref> Flutes and trumpets were used as musical instruments<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Alexander |editor-last=McLintock |title=Musical Instruments |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/maori-music/6 |access-date=16 February 2011 |date=April 2009 |orig-year=1966 |encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}}</ref> or as signalling devices during war or special occasions.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first=Alexander|editor-last=McLintock |title=Instruments Used for Non-musical Purposes |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/maori-music/7 |access-date=16 February 2011 |date=April 2009 |orig-year=1966 |encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}}</ref> Early settlers brought over their ethnic music, with [[brass band]]s and [[choir|choral music]] being popular, and musicians began touring New Zealand in the 1860s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Alexander |editor-last=McLintock |title=Music: General History |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/music/1 |access-date=15 February 2011|date=April 2009|orig-year=1966|encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Alexander |editor-last=McLintock |title=Music: Brass Bands |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/music/3 |access-date=14 April 2011 |date=April 2009 |orig-year=1966 |encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}}</ref> [[Pipe band]]s became widespread during the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Alexander |editor-last=McLintock |title=Music: Pipe Bands |url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/music/7 |access-date=14 April 2011 |date=April 2009 |orig-year=1966 |encyclopedia=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand}}</ref> The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards, and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States.<ref name="music" /> Some artists release Māori language songs, and the Māori tradition-based art of ''[[kapa haka]]'' (song and dance) has made a resurgence.<ref>{{cite book |first=Nancy |last=Swarbrick |chapter=Creative life – Performing arts |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=June 2010 |chapter-url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/creative-life/8 |access-date=21 January 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110515153908/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/creative-life/8 |archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[New Zealand Music Awards]] are held annually by [[Recorded Music NZ]]; the awards were first held in 1965 by [[Reckitt & Colman]] as the [[Loxene Golden Disc]] awards.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://rianz.org.nz/awards2008/history.asp |title=History – celebrating our music since 1965 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |date=2008 |access-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110914072406/http://rianz.org.nz/awards2008/history.asp |archive-date=14 September 2011}}</ref> Recorded Music NZ also publishes the country's [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|official weekly record charts]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_about.asp |title=About RIANZ – Introduction |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |access-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111221160800/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_about.asp |archive-date=21 December 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Hobbit holes reflected in water.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Hills with inset, round doors. Reflected in water.|The [[Hobbiton Movie Set]], located near [[Matamata]], was used for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Downes |first1=Siobhan|title=World famous in New Zealand: Hobbiton Movie Set |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/87903487/world-famous-in-new-zealand-hobbiton-movie-set |access-date=6 July 2017 |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=1 January 2017}}</ref>]]
Public [[Radio in New Zealand|radio]] was introduced in New Zealand in 1922.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brian |first1=Pauling |chapter=Radio – The early years, 1921 to 1932 |chapter-url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/radio/page-1 |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |access-date=6 July 2017 |date=October 2014}}</ref> A state-owned [[Television in New Zealand|television service]] began in 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Zealand's first official TV broadcast |url= https://nzhistory.govt.nz/first-official-tv-broadcast |publisher=[[New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage]] |date=December 2016 |access-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> Deregulation in the 1980s saw a sudden increase in the numbers of radio and television stations.<ref name="NZ TV">{{cite book |first=Nancy |last=Swarbrick |chapter=Creative life – Film and broadcasting |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=June 2010 |chapter-url= http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/creative-life/5 |access-date=21 January 2011}}</ref> New Zealand television primarily broadcasts American and British programming, along with many Australian and local shows.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Horrocks |first1=Roger |title=A History of Television in New Zealand |url= https://www.nzonscreen.com/history |work=[[NZ On Screen]] |access-date=13 September 2017}}</ref> The number of [[List of New Zealand films|New Zealand films]] significantly increased during the 1970s. In 1978 the [[New Zealand Film Commission]] started assisting local film-makers, and many films attained a world audience, some receiving international acknowledgement.<ref name="NZ TV" /> The highest-grossing New Zealand films are ''[[Hunt for the Wilderpeople]]'', ''[[Boy (2010 film)|Boy]]'', ''[[The World's Fastest Indian]]'', ''[[Whale Rider]]'', ''[[Once Were Warriors (film)|Once Were Warriors]]'', ''[[Heavenly Creatures]]'' and ''[[The Piano]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flicks.co.nz/blog/list/top-10-highest-grossing-new-zealand-movies-ever/ |title=Top 10 Highest Grossing New Zealand Movies Ever|date=May 2016 |work=Flicks.co.nz |access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,<ref>{{cite news |title=New Zealand Bends and 'Hobbit' Stays |first1=Michael |last1=Cieply |first2=Jeremy |last2= Rose |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/business/media/28hobbit.html |date=October 2010|work=The New York Times |access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> have encouraged some [[Film producer|producers]] to shoot very big-budget and well known productions in New Zealand, including ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'' film trilogies, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)|The Chronicles of Narnia]]'', ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]'', ''[[X-Men Origins: Wolverine|Wolverine]]'', ''[[The Last Samurai]]'' and ''[[The Power of the Dog (film)|The Power of the Dog]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Production Guide: Locations |work=Film New Zealand |url= http://www.filmnz.com/production-guide/locations.html |access-date=21 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101107112931/http://www.filmnz.com/production-guide/locations.html |archive-date=7 November 2010}}</ref> The New Zealand media industry is dominated by a small number of companies, most of which are foreign-owned, although the [[Crown entity|state retains ownership]] of some television and radio stations.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Myllylahti |first1=Merja |title=JMAD New Zealand Media Ownership Report 2016 |pages=4–29 |publisher=[[Auckland University of Technology]] |date=December 2016 |url= http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/704053/JMAD-Report-2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170521074651/http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/704053/JMAD-Report-2016.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2017 |access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> Since 1994, [[Freedom House]] has consistently ranked New Zealand's press freedom in the top twenty, with the 19th freest media {{as of|lc=y|2015|post=.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Scores and Status Data 1980–2015 |url= https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FOTP2015%20Scores%20and%20Status%201980-2015.xls|work=Freedom of the Press 2015 |publisher=[[Freedom House]] |access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref>
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