Johannesburg

=== Crime ===
[[File:South african police may 2010.jpg|thumb|Officers of the [[South African Police Service]] with [[R4 assault rifle|Vektor R5]] rifles on parade in Johannesburg, 2010]]
[[File:Soweto township.jpg|thumb|A [[shanty town]] in [[Soweto]] [[Township (South Africa)|township]]]]
After the [[Group Areas Act]] was scrapped in 1991, Johannesburg was affected by [[urban blight]]. Thousands of poor black people, who had been forbidden to live in the city proper, moved into the city from surrounding black townships like [[Soweto]] and many immigrants from economically beleaguered and war torn African nations flooded into South Africa. Many buildings were abandoned by [[landlord]]s, especially in high-density areas, such as [[Hillbrow]]. Many corporations and institutions, including the [[JSE Securities Exchange|stock exchange]], moved their headquarters away from the city centre, to suburbs like [[Sandton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johannesburg Stock Exchange History - Property24.com |url=http://www.property24.com/articles/johannesburg-stock-exchange-history/16977 |website=www.property24.com |access-date=18 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224180746/https://www.property24.com/articles/johannesburg-stock-exchange-history/16977 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Reviving the city centre is one of the main aims of the municipal government of Johannesburg. Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include [[closed-circuit television]] on street corners. As of 11 December 2008, every street corner in Johannesburg central is under high-tech [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]] surveillance.<ref name="iol.co.za">{{cite news |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/joburg-surveillance-zooms-in-428633 |work=IOL News |title=Joburg Surveillance Zooms In |date=11 December 2008 |last=Gifford |first=Gill |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307215528/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/joburg-surveillance-zooms-in-428633 |url-status=live }}</ref> The CCTV system, operated by the Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department (JMPD), is also able to detect stolen or hijacked vehicles by scanning the number plates of every vehicle travelling through the central business district (CBD), then comparing them to the eNaTIS database. The JMPD claims that the average response time by police for crimes committed in the CBD is 60 seconds.<ref name="iol.co.za"/>

Crime levels in Johannesburg have dropped as the economy has stabilised and begun to grow.<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2006-07-07-drop-in-serious-crime-joburg Drop in serious crime in Jo'burg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710071256/http://mg.co.za/article/2006-07-07-drop-in-serious-crime-joburg |date=10 July 2018 }}, ''Mail & Guardian Online'', 7 July 2006.</ref> Between 2001 and 2006, R9-billion (US$1.2&nbsp;billion) has been invested in the city centre. Further investment of around R10-billion (US$1.5&nbsp;billion) is expected in the city centre alone by 2010. This excludes development directly associated with the 2010 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/joburg039s-residential-projects-are-supporting-an-acceleration-of-the-rejuvenation-effort-2007-05-25 |publisher=engineeringnews.co.za |title=Joburg's residential projects are supporting an acceleration of the rejuvenation effort |date=25 May 2007 |last=van der Merwe |first=Christy |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710040725/http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/joburg039s-residential-projects-are-supporting-an-acceleration-of-the-rejuvenation-effort-2007-05-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to prepare Johannesburg for the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]], local government enlisted the help of [[Rudy Giuliani]], former [[Mayor of New York City]], to help bring down the crime rate, as the opening and closing matches of the tournament were played in the city.<ref>{{cite press release |date=6 August 2006 |url=http://www.24-7pressrelease.com/view_press_release.php?rID=16863 |title=City of Johannesburg is calling for Internal Branding Advice from Global Gurus |url-status=dead |access-date=10 September 2006 |archive-date=15 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915003232/http://www.24-7pressrelease.com/view_press_release.php?rID=16863}}</ref>

[[Murders]] in the Johannesburg municipality amounted to 1,697 in 2007 according to the South African Medical Research Council, a rate of 43 per 100,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/nimmsreport2007.pdf |title=A profile of fatal injuries in South Africa |access-date=22 October 2009 |page=49 |publisher=South African Medical Research Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726194935/http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/nimmsreport2007.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> In 2016 that number had sharply declined to 29.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, placing the murder rate at more than half of that of [[Cape Town]] and even below the national average.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/230123/cape-town-is-one-of-the-most-violent-cities-in-the-world/ |title=Cape Town is one of the most violent cities in the world |publisher=businesstech.co.za |access-date=19 November 2020 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201212215/https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/230123/cape-town-is-one-of-the-most-violent-cities-in-the-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref>