Jerusalem

====Mamluk period====
From 1260<ref name="Bloom">{{cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set |encyclopedia=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=30 May 2014 |editor1=[[Jonathan M. Bloom]] |volume=2 |page=348 |isbn=978-0-19-530991-1 |chapter=Jerusalem |editor2=[[Sheila S. Blair]] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&q=%2290+buildings%22&pg=RA1-PA348 |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327021353/https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&q=%2290+buildings%22&pg=RA1-PA348#v=snippet&q=%2290%20buildings%22&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> to 1516/17, Jerusalem was ruled by the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluks]]. In the wider region and until around 1300, many clashes occurred between the Mamluks on one side, and the crusaders and the [[Mongol raids into Palestine|Mongols]], on the other side. The area also suffered from many earthquakes and [[Black Death|black plague]].<ref>Michael Avi-Yonah, [https://books.google.com/books?id=AhasMr2F3i8C&pg=PA279 ''A History of Israel and the Holy Land''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327021320/https://books.google.com/books?id=AhasMr2F3i8C&pg=PA279#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=27 March 2024 }}, A&C Black, 2003 p. 279.</ref> When [[Nachmanides]] visited in 1267 he found only two Jewish families, in a population of 2,000, 300 of whom were Christians, in the city.<ref>Hunt Janin, [https://archive.org/details/fourpathstojerus0000jani/page/120 ''Four Paths to Jerusalem: Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Secular Pilgrimages, 1000 BCE to 2001 CE''], McFarland, 2002 p. 120.</ref> The well-known and far-traveled [[Lexicography|lexicographer]] [[Fairuzabadi]] (1329–1414) spent ten years in Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/firuzabadi-s-al-qamus-al-muhit/SwFS5bJVWxyzgw |title=Firuzabadi's al-Qamus al-Muhit |website=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810204819/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/firuzabadi-s-al-qamus-al-muhit/SwFS5bJVWxyzgw |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Peregrinatio_in_terram_sanctam_Jerusalem_map_in_color.jpg|thumb|300px|Jerusalem, from 'Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam' by [[Bernhard von Breidenbach|Bernhard von Breydenbach]], 1486]]

The 13th to 15th centuries was a period of frequent building activity in the city, as evidenced by the 90 remaining structures from this time.<ref name="Bloom" /> The city was also a significant site of [[Mamluk architecture|Mamluk architectural]] patronage. The types of structures built included [[madrasa]]s, libraries, [[Bimaristan|hospitals]], [[caravanserai]]s, fountains (or [[Sebil (fountain)|sabils]]), and public baths.<ref name=Bloom/> Much of the building activity was concentrated around the edges of the Temple Mount or Haram al-Sharif.<ref name=Bloom/> Old gates to the Haram lost importance and new gates were built,<ref name=Bloom/> while significant parts of the northern and western porticoes along the edge of the Temple Mount plaza were built or rebuilt in this period.<ref name=Burgoyne>{{Cite book |last=Burgoyne |first=Michael Hamilton |title=Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study |publisher=For the [[British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem]]; the World of Islam Festival Trust |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-905035-33-8}}</ref> 

[[Tankiz]], the Mamluk [[Emir|amir]] in charge of [[Syria (region)|Syria]] during the reign of [[al-Nasir Muhammad]], built a new market called ''Suq al-Qattatin'' (Cotton Market) in 1336–7, along with the gate known as ''Bab al-Qattanin'' (Cotton Gate), which gave access to the Temple Mount from this market.<ref name=Bloom/><ref name=Burgoyne/> The late Mamluk sultan [[Qaitbay|al-Ashraf Qaytbay]] also took interest in the city. He commissioned the building of the [[Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya|Madrasa al-Ashrafiyya]], completed in 1482, and the nearby [[Fountain of Qayt Bay|Sabil of Qaytbay]], built shortly after in 1482; both were located on the Temple Mount.<ref name=Bloom/><ref name=Burgoyne/> Qaytbay's monuments were the last major Mamluk constructions in the city.<ref name=Burgoyne/>{{Rp|589–612}}