Baptists

===Landmark crisis===
Southern Baptist [[Landmarkism]] sought to reset the [[Ecclesiastical separatism|ecclesiastical separation]] which had characterized the old Baptist churches, in an era when inter-denominational union meetings were the order of the day.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ashcraft |first=Robert |title=Landmarkism Revisited |publisher=Ashcraft Publications |year=2003 |place=Mabelvale, [[Arkansas|AR]] |pages=84–85}}</ref> [[James Robinson Graves]] was an influential Baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement.<ref>{{cite book | first = Ben M.|last=Bogard|title=Pillars of Orthodoxy| url = https://archive.org/details/pillarsoforthodo00boga|page=[https://archive.org/details/pillarsoforthodo00boga/page/199 199]|place=Louisville|publisher= Baptist Book Concern|year= 1900}}.</ref> While some Landmarkers eventually separated from the Southern Baptist Convention, the movement continued to influence the Convention into the 20th and 21st centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |title=American Christianity: An Historical Interpretation With Representative Documents |last2=Handy |last3=Loetscher |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1963 |volume=II: 1820–1960 |page=110}}</ref>