Vulgate

=== Modern critical editions ===
Most other later editions were limited to the New Testament and did not present a full critical apparatus, most notably [[Karl Lachmann]]'s editions of 1842 and 1850 based primarily on the Codex Amiatinus and the Codex Fuldensis,<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Reimer|last=Lachmann|first=Karl|title=Novum Testamentum graece et latine|location=Berlin|year=1842–50}} (Google Books: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sxc-AAAAcAAJ Volume 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=BVgPAAAAQAAJ Volume 2])</ref> Fleck's edition<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R7rgfv_Fp0C&q=%22vulgatae+editionis%22&pg=PP7|title=Novum Testamentum Vulgatae editionis juxta textum Clementis VIII.: Romanum ex Typogr. Apost. Vatic. A.1592. accurate expressum. Cum variantibus in margine lectionibus antiquissimi et praestantissimi codicis olim monasterii Montis Amiatae in Etruria, nunc bibliothecae Florentinae Laurentianae Mediceae saec. VI. p. Chr. scripti. Praemissa est commentatio de codice Amiatino et versione latina vulgata|date=26 June 2017|publisher=Sumtibus et Typis C. Tauchnitii|access-date=26 June 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> of 1840, and [[Constantin von Tischendorf]]'s edition of 1864. In 1906 [[Eberhard Nestle]] published ''Novum Testamentum Latine'',<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Württembergische Bibelanstalt|last=Nestle|first=Eberhard|title=Novum Testamentum Latine: textum Vaticanum cum apparatu critico ex editionibus et libris manu scriptis collecto imprimendum|location=Stuttgart|year=1906|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NIUNAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> which presented the Clementine Vulgate text with a critical apparatus comparing it to the editions of Sixtus&nbsp;V (1590), Lachman (1842), Tischendorf (1854), and Wordsworth and White (1889), as well as the Codex Amiatinus and the Codex Fuldensis.

To make a text available representative of the earliest copies of the Vulgate and summarise the most common variants between the various manuscripts, [[Anglican]] scholars at the [[University of Oxford]] began to [[Oxford Vulgate|edit the New Testament]] in 1878 (completed in 1954), while the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictines]] of Rome began [[Benedictine Vulgate|an edition of the Old Testament]] in 1907 (completed in&nbsp;1995). The Oxford Anglican scholars's findings were condensed into [[Stuttgart Vulgate|an edition of both the Old and New Testaments, first published at Stuttgart in 1969]], created with the participation of members from both projects. These books are the standard editions of the Vulgate used by scholars.<ref>{{Cite journal|volume=28|issue=1|pages=56–58|last=Kilpatrick|first=G. D.|title=The Itala|journal=[[The Classical Review]]|series=n.s.|year=1978|jstor=3062542|doi=10.1017/s0009840x00225523|s2cid=163698896}}</ref>

==== {{anchor|Oxford Vulgate|Wordsworth and White (Oxford) New Testament|Oxford Vulgate New Testament}} Oxford New Testament ====
{{Main|Oxford Vulgate}}
As a result of the inaccuracy of existing editions of the Vulgate, in 1878, the delegates of the [[Oxford University Press]] accepted a proposal from classicist [[John Wordsworth]] to produce a critical edition of the New Testament.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wordsworth|first=John|title=The Oxford critical edition of the Vulgate New Testament|location=Oxford|year=1883|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008730879|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Longmans, Green|last=Watson|first=E.W.|title=Life of Bishop John Wordsworth|location=London|year=1915|url=https://archive.org/details/a613342800watsuoft}}</ref> This was eventually published as ''Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Iesu Christi Latine, secundum editionem sancti Hieronymi'' in three volumes between&nbsp;1889 and&nbsp;1954.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=Clarendon Press|others=John Wordsworth, Henry Julian White (eds.)|title=Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Iesu Christi Latine, secundum editionem sancti Hieronymi|location=Oxford|date=1889–1954}} 3 vols.</ref>

The edition, commonly known as the [[Oxford Vulgate]], relies primarily on the texts of the Codex Amiatinus, Codex Fuldensis (Codex Harleianus in the Gospels), [[Codex Sangermanensis I|Codex Sangermanensis]], Codex Mediolanensis (in the Gospels), and Codex Reginensis (in Paul).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem|publisher=[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]|others=Robert Weber, Roger Gryson (eds.)|year=2007|edition=5|location=Stuttgart|page=XLVI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|title=The Latin New Testament; a Guide to its Early History, Texts and Manuscripts|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|page=130}}</ref>  It also consistently cites readings in the so-called DELQR group of manuscripts, named after the ''[[siglum|sigla]]'' it uses for them: [[Book of Armagh]]&nbsp;(D), [[Breton Gospel Book (British Library, MS Egerton 609)|Egerton Gospels]]&nbsp;(E), [[Lichfield Gospels]]&nbsp;(L), [[Book of Kells]]&nbsp;(Q), and Rushworth Gospels&nbsp;(R).<ref>{{cite book|author1=H. A. G. Houghton|title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|date=2016|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0198744733|page=74|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74|access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>

==== Benedictine (Rome) Old Testament ====
{{Main|Benedictine Vulgate}}
In 1907, Pope [[Pius&nbsp;X]] commissioned the [[Benedictine]] monks to prepare a critical edition of Jerome's Vulgate, entitled ''Biblia Sacra iuxta latinam vulgatam versionem''.<ref>{{Cite book|publisher=[[Libreria Editrice Vaticana]]|isbn=8820921286|others=Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City (ed.)|title=Biblia Sacra iuxta latinam vulgatam versionem|location=Rome|year=1926–95}} 18 vols.</ref> This text was originally planned as the basis for a revised complete official Bible for the Catholic Church to replace the Clementine edition.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|publisher=Robert Appleton Company|last=Gasquet|first=F.A.|title=Vulgate, Revision of|encyclopedia=[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]|location=New York|year=1912|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15515b.htm}}</ref> The first volume, the Pentateuch, was completed in&nbsp;1926.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1093/jts/os-XXIV.96.406|issn=0022-5185|volume=24|issue=96|pages=406–414|last=Burkitt|first=F.C.|title=The text of the Vulgate|journal=The Journal of Theological Studies|series=o.s.|date=1923}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|issn=0017-1417|volume=37|issue=8|pages=777–781|last=Kraft|first=Robert A.|title=Review of Biblia Sacra iuxta Latinam vulgatam versionem ad codicum fidem iussu Pauli Pp. VI. cura et studio monachorum abbatiae pontificiae Sancti Hieronymi in Urbe ordinis Sancti Benedicti edita. 12: Sapientia Salomonis. Liber Hiesu Filii Sirach|journal=[[Gnomon (journal)|Gnomon]]|date=1965|jstor=27683795}} {{Cite journal|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–71|last=Préaux|first=Jean G.|title=Review of Biblia Sacra iuxta latinum vulgatam versionem. Liber psalmorum ex recensione sancti Hieronymi cum praefationibus et epistula ad Sunniam et Fretelam|journal=Latomus|date=1954|jstor=41520237}}</ref>  For the Pentateuch, the primary sources for the text are the [[Codex Amiatinus]], the Codex Turonensis (the [[Ashburnham Pentateuch]]), and the Ottobonianus Octateuch.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weld-Blundell|first=Adrian|date=1947|title=The Revision of the Vulgate Bible|url=http://biblicalstudies.gospelstudies.org.uk/pdf/scripture/02-4_100.pdf|journal=Scripture|volume=2|issue=4|pages=100–104}}</ref>  For the rest of the Old Testament (except the [[Book of Psalms]]) the primary sources for the text are the [[Codex Amiatinus]] and [[La Cava Bible|Codex Cavensis]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem|publisher=[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]]|others=Robert Weber, Roger Gryson (eds.)|year=2007|edition=5|location=Stuttgart|page=XLIII}}</ref>

Following the Codex Amiatinus and the Vulgate texts of Alcuin and Theodulf, the Benedictine Vulgate reunited the Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah into a single book, reversing the decisions of the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate.

In 1933, Pope Pius&nbsp;XI established the [[Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City]] to complete the work. By the 1970s, as a result of liturgical changes that had spurred the Vatican to produce a new translation of the Latin Bible, the ''[[Nova Vulgata]]'', the [[Benedictine edition of the Vulgate|Benedictine edition]] was no longer required for official purposes,<ref name="scripturarum">{{cite web|title=Scripturarum Thesarurus, Apostolic Constitution, 25 April 1979, John Paul II|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19790425_scripturarum-thesaurus_en.html|publisher=Vatican: The Holy See|access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> and the abbey was suppressed in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pope John Paul II|title=Epistula Vincentio Truijen OSB Abbati Claravallensi, 'De Pontificia Commissione Vulgatae editioni recognoscendae atque emendandae'|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/1984/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19840115_truijen_lt.html|publisher=Vatican: The Holy See|access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> Five monks were nonetheless allowed to complete the final two volumes of the Old Testament, which were published under the abbey's name in 1987 and 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bibliorum Sacrorum Vetus Vulgata|url=http://www.libreriaeditricevaticana.com/it/catalogue/catalogo.jsp?cat=B38|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131219183331/http://www.libreriaeditricevaticana.com/it/catalogue/catalogo.jsp?cat=B38|archive-date=19 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2013|website=Libreria Editrice Vaticana}}</ref>

==== {{Anchor|Stuttgart edition|Weber-Gryson (Stuttgart) edition}}Stuttgart Vulgate ====
{{Main|Stuttgart Vulgate}}[[File:Concordance of Stuttgart Latin Vulgate Bible.jpg|thumb|Concordance to the Vulgate Bible for the Stuttgart Vulgate|242x242px]]Based on the editions of Oxford and Rome, but with an independent examination of the manuscript evidence and extending their lists of primary witnesses for some books, the Württembergische Bibelanstalt, later the [[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]] (German Bible Society), based in Stuttgart, first published a critical edition of the complete Vulgate in 1969. The work has continued to be updated, with a fifth edition appearing in 2007.<ref name="Stuttgart5">{{Cite book|edition=5|publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft|isbn=978-3-438-05303-9|others=Robert Weber, Roger Gryson (eds.)|title=Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem|location=Stuttgart|year=2007}}</ref> The project was originally directed by Robert Weber, OSB (a monk of the same Benedictine abbey responsible for the Benedictine edition), with collaborators [[Bonifatius Fischer]], [[Jean Gribomont]], Hedley Frederick Davis Sparks (also responsible for the completion of the Oxford edition), and Walter Thiele. Roger Gryson has been responsible for the most recent editions. It is thus marketed by its publisher as the "Weber-Gryson" edition, but is also frequently referred to as the Stuttgart edition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Die Vulgata (ed. Weber/Gryson)|url=http://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/online-bibeln/biblia-sacra-vulgata/informationen-zur-bibelausgabe/|publisher=bibelwissenschaft.de|access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref>

The Weber-Gryson includes of Jerome's prologues and the [[Eusebian Canons]].

It contains two Psalters, the ''[[Gallican psalter|Gallicanum]]'' and the ''[[juxta Hebraicum]]'', which are printed on facing pages to allow easy comparison and contrast between the two versions. It has an expanded [[Biblical apocrypha|Apocrypha]], containing Psalm&nbsp;151 and the Epistle to the Laodiceans in addition to&nbsp;3 and&nbsp;4&nbsp;Ezra and the [[Prayer of Manasses]]. In addition, its modern prefaces in Latin, German, French, and English are a source of valuable information about the history of the Vulgate.
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