Philanthropy

==Types of philanthropy==
Philanthropy is defined differently by different groups of people; many define it as a means to alleviate human suffering and advance the quality of life.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Afsoon|last1=Mohseni|first2=Brenna|last2=Albritton|title=Philanthropy as a Force of Social Change |url=https://www.learningtogive.org/resources/philanthropy-force-social-change |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=Learning to Give}}</ref> There are many forms of philanthropy, allowing for different impacts by different groups in different settings.

=== Celebrity philanthropy ===
'''Celebrity philanthropy''' refers to [[celebrity]]-affiliated [[charitable]] and [[philanthropic]] activities. It is a scholarship topic in studies of "the popular" vis-à-vis the modern and post-modern world.<ref name="Allatson15">{{cite book|last1=Allatson|first1=Paul|last2=Jeffreys|first2=Elaine|title=Celebrity Philanthropy|date=2015|publisher=Intellect|location=Bristol, U.K.}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Structured and systematised charitable giving by celebrities is a relatively new phenomenon. Although charity and [[Celebrity|fame]] are associated historically, it was only in the 1990s that entertainment and sports celebrities from affluent western societies became involved with a particular type of philanthropy.<ref name="Allatson15" />{{rp|1–16}} Celebrity philanthropy in contemporary western societies is not isolated to large one-off monetary donations. It involves celebrities using their publicity, brand credibility, and personal wealth to promote [[not-for-profit organisation]]s, which are increasingly business-like in form.

This is sometimes termed as "celanthropy"—the fusion of celebrity and cause as a representation of what the organisation advocates.<ref name="Allatson15" />{{rp|5}}

==== Implications on government and governance ====
The advent of celebrity philanthropy has coincided with the contraction of government involvement in areas such as [[welfare]] support and [[foreign aid]] to name a few.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} This can be identified from the proliferation of [[neoliberal]] policies.{{Citation needed|reason=Vague and tenuous link|date=January 2022}}

[[Public interest group]]s, not-for-profit organisations and the [[United Nations]] now budget extensive amounts of time and money to use celebrity endorsers in their campaigns. An example of this is the [[People's Climate March (2014)|People's Climate March]] of 2014. The demonstration was part of the larger [[People's Climate Movement]], which aims to raise awareness of [[climate change]] and environmental issues more generally. Notable celebrities who were part of this campaign included actors [[Leonardo DiCaprio]], [[Mark Ruffalo]], and [[Edward Norton]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Endorsements|url=http://peoplesclimate.org/endorsements/|website=People's Climate Movement|access-date=27 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814092039/http://peoplesclimate.org/endorsements/|archive-date=14 August 2015}}</ref>

==== Examples ====
*[[The Concert for Bangladesh (album)|The Concert for Bangladesh]]
*[[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]]
*[[LiveAid]]
*[[NetAid]]
*[[Danny Thomas#St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|Danny Thomas and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital]]
*[[Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media]]
*[[Jerry Lewis#MDA and an annual tradition|Jerry Lewis and the MDA Telethon]]
*[[List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors]]
*[[Newman's Own]]
*[[Tiger Woods#TGR Foundation|Tiger Woods Foundation]]
*[[Richard Gere#Personal life and activism|Richard Gere Activism]]
*[[Remote Area Medical]]

=== Diaspora philanthropy ===
Diaspora philanthropy is philanthropy conducted by [[diaspora]] populations either in their country of residence or in their countries of origin. Diaspora philanthropy is a newly established term with many variations, including [[emigration|migrant]] philanthropy, homeland philanthropy, and [[transnationality|transnational]] giving.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Paula Doherty |title=Diaspora philanthropy: Influences, initiatives, and issues |publisher=Philanthropic Initiative |year=2007 |location=Boston, Mass. |language=en}}</ref> In diaspora philanthropy, migrants and their descendants are frontline distributors of aid, and enablers of development.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Espinosa |first=Shirlita Africa |date=2015-07-06 |title=Diaspora philanthropy: the making of a new development aid? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21632324.2015.1053305|url-access=subscription|journal=Migration and Development |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=361–377 |doi=10.1080/21632324.2015.1053305 |s2cid=156404093 |issn=2163-2324}}</ref> For many countries, diaspora philanthropy is a prominent way in which members of the diaspora invest back into their homeland countries.

Along with diaspora-led foreign direct investment, diaspora philanthropy is a force in the development of a country. Members of a diaspora are familiar with their community's needs and the social, political, and economic factors that influence the delivery of those needs. Studies show that those who are a part of the diaspora are more aware of the pressing and neglected issues of their community than outsiders or other well wishers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=DeSouza |first1=Mercy |last2=Osei |first2=Onallia Esther |last3=Idemudia |first3=Erhabor Sunday |date=2023-01-18 |title=Transnational migrants' philanthropy: Its forms, operations, and implications from the perspectives of Ghanaian residents in Europe |journal=Frontiers in Sociology |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fsoc.2022.1062755 |pmid=36741585 |pmc=9889849 |issn=2297-7775 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Also given their deep ties to their country of origin, diaspora philanthropies have greater longevity than other international philanthropies. Due to {{clarify|reason=|text=the distance buffer accompanied with|date=August 2023}} diaspora philanthropy, diaspora philanthropy is more willing to address controversial issues found in their country of origin compared to local philanthropy.<ref name=":2" />