Pennsylvania

==Economy==
{{See also|List of Pennsylvania counties by per capita income}}
[[File:Pennsylvania vs US unemployment 1976-2021.png|thumb|{{legend|#4572A7|Pennsylvania's unemployment rate between 1976 and 2021}}
{{legend|#AA4643|The U.S. unemployment rate during these years}}]]
As of 2023, Pennsylvania's [[gross state product]] (GSP) of $974,558 billion is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|sixth-largest]] among all U.S. states behind [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Florida]], and [[Illinois]].<ref name="stategdp">{{cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|title=Regional Economic Accounts|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501132003/https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>	If Pennsylvania [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|were an independent country]], its economy, as of 2023, would rank as the 20th-largest in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|language=en-US|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024038/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|archive-date=January 31, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On a per capita basis, Pennsylvania's 2021 per capita income of $$68,957 ranks 21st among the 50 states.<ref name="stategdp" /> As of 2016, there were 5,354,964 people in employment in Pennsylvania with 301,484 total employer establishments. As of January 2024, the state's unemployment rate is 3.4%.<ref>[https://www.media.pa.gov/Pages/Labor-and-Industry-Details.aspx?newsid=831 "Pennsylvania’s Unemployment Rate At 3.4% In January As Total Nonfarm Jobs Sets New Record High For Sixth Straight Month"], Pennsylvania Press Room, March 8, 2024</ref>

The state has five manufacturing centers: [[Philadelphia]] in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] in the northwest, [[Wyoming Valley|Scranton-Wilkes-Barre]] in the northeast, and the [[Lehigh Valley]] in the east.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113215908/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|url-status=dead|title=Appeals court races wrap up with focus on voter mobilization|archive-date=January 13, 2005}}</ref>

Pennsylvania is home to 23 of the nation's 500 largest companies that comprise the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]], including two that rank in the top 100, [[Cencora]] (formerly AmeriSource Bergen) in [[Conshohocken, Pennsylvania|Conshocken]], which is the nation's 11th-largest company, and [[Comcast]] in Philadelphia, which is the 29th-largest.<ref>[https://patch.com/pennsylvania/across-pa/23-pa-companies-make-fortune-500-list-2023 "23 PA Companies Make Fortune 500 List For 2023"], Patch, June 6, 2023.</ref> Philadelphia is home to six of the ''Fortune'' 500 companies,<ref name="F500">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |title=Fortune 500 |work=CNN|date=April 30, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822202259/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> with more located in suburbs like [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]]; it is a leader in the financial<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phlx.com/ |title=Philadelphia stock exchange |publisher=Phlx.com |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603041053/http://www.phlx.com/ |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> and insurance industries. Pittsburgh is home to eight ''Fortune'' 500 companies, including [[U.S. Steel]], [[PPG Industries]], [[Heinz]], and [[GE Transportation]].<ref name="F500" /> Hershey is home to [[The Hershey Company]], one of the world's largest chocolate manufacturers. In eastern Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley has become an epicenter for the growth of the U.S. [[logistics]] industry, including [[warehousing]] and the [[intermodal freight transport|intermodal transport]] of goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inboundlogistics.com/articles/logistics-hotspots-nine-that-shine/|title=Eastern Pennsylvania: Epicenter of Growth|date=September 20, 2016 |publisher= Inbound Logistics|access-date=January 4, 2023}}</ref>

Like many U.S. states, [[Walmart]] is the largest private employer in Pennsylvania. The state's second-largest employer is the [[University of Pennsylvania]], an [[Ivy League]] private [[research university]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramos |first=Stephanie |url=http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/node/27453 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120503100137/http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/node/27453 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |title=Wal-Mart tops Pa. list of largest private employers |publisher=Dailypennsylvanian.com |date=October 25, 2002 |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paworkstats.state.pa.us/admin/gsipub/htmlarea/uploads/pasep_t50.pdf |title=Pennsylvania Top 50 Employers |publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania |date=March 28, 2011 |access-date=July 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5zzY0lHAq?url=http://www.paworkstats.state.pa.us/admin/gsipub/htmlarea/uploads/pasep_t50.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania is home to the oldest investor-owned utility company in the U.S., [[The York Water Company]].

As of 2018, Pennsylvania ranks first in the nation in a few economic sectors and niches, including barrels of [[beer]] produced annually (3.9 million), [[farmers' market]]s (over 6,000), [[food processing]] companies (2,300), hardwood [[lumber]] production (a billion board feet annually), [[Fungiculture|mushroom farms]] (68), [[natural gas]] production, [[potato chip]] manufacturing (24 facilities manufacturing one-fourth of the nation's total), and [[pretzel]] manufacturing (80 percent of the nation's total).<ref>[https://www.pennlive.com/news/2018/02/things_pennsylvania_ranks_numb.html "Pa. ranks No. 1 in many things. Not all are good."], PennLive, February 13, 2018</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{main|Agriculture in Pennsylvania}}
Pennsylvania ranks 19th overall among all states in agricultural production.<ref name="ag">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/profiles/pa/cp99042.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414005319/http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/profiles/pa/cp99042.PDF|url-status=dead|title=Agricultural Census 2002|archive-date=April 14, 2008}}</ref> Its leading agricultural products are [[fungiculture|mushrooms]], apples, [[Christmas tree]]s, [[Egg (food)|layer chickens]], [[Nursery (horticulture)|nursery]], [[sod]], milk, [[maize|corn]] for [[silage]], grapes (including [[Grape juice|juice grapes]]), and horses production. Pennsylvania ranks eighth in the nation in [[winemaking]];<ref name="PAwine">{{cite web|url=http://www.pennsylvaniawine.com/Facts.aspx |title=Pennsylvania Wine facts |publisher=Pennsylvania Wine & Wineries |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223213434/http://pennsylvaniawine.com/Facts.aspx |archive-date=February 23, 2009 }}{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}}</ref> however, similar to [[New York (state)|New York]], it is not allowed to be sold in grocery stores.

The [[Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture]] worked with private companies to establish "PA Preferred" as a way to brand agricultural products grown or made in the state.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pennlive.com/food/index.ssf/2014/01/pa_preferred_pa_farm_show_pa_m.html |title=What is PA Preferred? Just a pretty logo or a way to build a brand? |work=[[The Patriot-News]] |date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=February 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224040150/http://www.pennlive.com/food/index.ssf/2014/01/pa_preferred_pa_farm_show_pa_m.html |archive-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The financial impact of agriculture in Pennsylvania<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cidepiqc.com/partners/state-of-pennsylvania/agribusiness/ |title=Agribusiness |website=CIDEP—Investment Attraction & Business Leads Generation |access-date=October 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910202950/http://cidepiqc.com/partners/state-of-pennsylvania/agribusiness/ |archive-date=September 10, 2014 }}</ref> includes employment of more than 66,800 people employed by the food [[manufacturing]] industry and over $1.7&nbsp;billion in food product [[export]] as of 2011.

===Banking===
The first nationally chartered bank in the U.S., the [[Bank of North America]], was founded in 1781 in Philadelphia. After a series of mergers, the Bank of North America is now part of [[Wells Fargo]]. Pennsylvania is home to the first nationally-chartered bank under the 1863 [[National Banking Act]]. That year, the Pittsburgh Savings & Trust Company received a national charter and renamed itself the First National Bank of Pittsburgh as part of the National Banking Act. That bank is still in existence today as [[PNC Financial Services|PNC]] and remains based in Pittsburgh. PNC is currently the state's largest and the nation's sixth-largest bank.

===Film===
{{See also|Harrisburg in film and television|List of films and television shows shot in Pennsylvania|List of films shot in the Lehigh Valley|List of films shot in Pittsburgh}}
The [[Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit]] began in 2004 and stimulated the development of a film industry in the state.<ref name="bizjournal">{{Cite news |title=Rendell signs film production tax credit law |newspaper=[[Philadelphia Business Journal]] |date=July 21, 2004 |url=http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2004/07/19/daily26.html |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040903230427/http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2004/07/19/daily26.html |archive-date=September 3, 2004 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Gambling===
{{main|Gambling in Pennsylvania}}
{{see also|List of casinos in Pennsylvania}}
[[File:RiversCasino.jpg|thumb|[[Rivers Casino (Pittsburgh)|Rivers Casino]], located in the [[Chateau (Pittsburgh)|Chateau]] section of [[Pittsburgh]] on the [[Ohio River]], one of [[List of casinos in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania's 16 casinos]]]]
Casino gambling was legalized in Pennsylvania in 2004. As of 2022, there are [[List of casinos in Pennsylvania|16 casinos]] in the state.<ref>[http://www.kyw1060.com/Pa%E2%80%94Lawmakers-Consider-Table-Games%E2%80%94More-Small-Cas/5763077] {{dead link|date=August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-2009-06-19-4392853-story.html|title = Casino table games in budget debate? Rendell won't say no, but stresses revenue wouldn't make a dent in deficit| date=June 19, 2009 }}</ref> Table games such as poker, roulette, blackjack, and craps were approved by the state legislature and signed into law in January 2010. Sports betting saw approval in 2018. Five years in, the state and local governments collected over $500 million in sportsbook tax revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molter |first=Michael |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Taxes From Pennsylvania Sports Betting Crosses $500 Million |url=https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/taxes-from-pennsylvania-sports-betting-crosses-500-million-11-20-2023/ |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=LegalSportsBetting.com |language=en-US}}</ref>