Oslo

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Greater Oslo}}
[[File:Oslo at night.jpg|thumb|Office buildings and apartments in [[Bjørvika]], part of the redesign of former dock and industrial land in Oslo known as the [[Barcode Project]]]]
Oslo has a varied and strong economy and was ranked number one among European large cities in economic potential in the [[fDi Magazine]] report European Cities of the Future 2012.<ref name="fdiintelligence.com" /> It was ranked 2nd in the category of business friendliness, behind Amsterdam.

Oslo is an important centre of maritime knowledge in Europe and is home to approximately 1980 companies and 8,500 employees within the maritime sector. Some of them are the world's largest shipping companies, [[shipbroker]]s, and [[insurance broker]]s.<ref>[http://81.93.161.140/archive/download_eng/01/01/Marit002.pdf Oslo Teknopol Mal<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822153107/https://81.93.161.140/archive/download_eng/01/01/Marit002.pdf|date=22 August 2006}}</ref> [[Det Norske Veritas]], headquartered at [[Høvik]] outside Oslo, is one of the three major maritime [[classification society|classification societies]] in the world, with 16.5% of the world fleet to class in its register.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnv.com/publications/annual_reports/ar_2005/thisis_dnv/index.asp |title=MUrl (Internet) |access-date=6 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729221055/http://www.dnv.com/publications/annual_reports/ar_2005/thisis_dnv/index.asp |archive-date=29 July 2012 }} <!-- --></ref> The city's port is the largest general cargo port in the country and its leading passenger gateway. Close to 6,000 ships dock at the [[Port of Oslo]] annually with a total of 6 million tonnes of cargo and over five million passengers.

The [[GDP]] of Oslo totalled €64&nbsp;billion (€96,000 per capita) in 2016, which amounted to 20% of the national GDP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/national-accounts/data/database |title=Database – Eurostat |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623210352/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/national-accounts/data/database |url-status=live}}</ref> This compares with [[Norwegian krone|NOK]]253&nbsp;billion (€23 billion) in 1995 (adjusting for 2016 inflation). The metropolitan area, bar [[Moss, Norway|Moss]] and [[Drammen]], contributed 25% of the national GDP in 2003 and was also responsible for more than one quarter of [[tax revenue]]s. In comparison, total tax revenues from the oil and gas industry on the [[Norwegian continental shelf|Norwegian Continental Shelf]] amounted to about 16%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skatteetaten.no/upload/skd%20sm03_engelsk.pdf |title=Norwegian Tax Administration Annual Report 2003 |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318200658/http://www.skatteetaten.no/upload/skd%20sm03_engelsk.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2009}}</ref>

Oslo is one of the [[List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees|most expensive cities]] in the world.<ref name=priciest>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/4669400.stm |title=Oslo 'priciest city in the world' |work=BBC News |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=21 June 2010 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308054332/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/4669400.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2006}}, it is ranked tenth according to the Worldwide [[Cost-of-living index|Cost of Living]] Survey provided by [[Mercer Human Resource Consulting]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mercerhr.com/pressrelease/details.jhtml/dynamic/idContent/1142150 |title=Mercer: Consulting. Outsourcing. Investments |publisher=Mercerhr.com |access-date=10 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516034338/http://www.mercerhr.com/pressrelease/details.jhtml/dynamic/idContent/1142150 |archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref> and first according to the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] (EIU).<ref name=priciest /> The reason for this discrepancy is that the EIU omits certain factors from its final index calculation, most notably housing. In the 2015 update<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eiu.com/public/thankyou_download.aspx?activity=download&campaignid=WCOL2015 |title=Worldwide Cost of Living February 2015 – The Economist Intelligence Unit |author=EIU digital solutions |access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728025610/https://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=WCOL2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> of the EIU's Worldwide Cost of Living survey, Oslo now ranks as the third most expensive city in the world.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/102470661 |title=These are the world's most expensive cities |work=CNBC |date=2 March 2015 |access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170703/http://www.cnbc.com/id/102470661 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although Oslo does have the most expensive [[Real estate economics|housing market]] in Norway, it is comparably cheaper than other cities on the list in that regard. Meanwhile, prices on [[goods and services]] remain some of the highest of any city. Oslo hosts 2654 of the largest companies in Norway. Within the ranking of Europe's largest cities ordered by their number of companies Oslo is in fifth position. A whole group of oil and gas companies is situated in Oslo.

According to a report compiled by [[Banking in Switzerland|Swiss bank]] [[UBS]] in the month of August 2006,<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060809/ts_nm/life_cities_dc Yahoo! News] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060811042924/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060809/ts_nm/life_cities_dc|date=11 August 2006 }} <!-- --></ref> Oslo and London were the world's most expensive cities.