Oshawa

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:401 Oshawa.jpg|thumb|left|[[Highway 401]] in Oshawa]]
[[File:Oshawa Station (27560728561).jpg|alt=|thumb|Oshawa Train Station]]
[[File:YOO Main Terminal 2018.jpg|thumb|Main Terminal at the Oshawa Executive Airport]]

[[GO Transit]] trains connect the city with Toronto, Hamilton and points between. GO Transit buses provide service from Oshawa along the Highway 401 and Highway 2 corridors in Durham Region and to Toronto and York Region. GO Transit bus service is also provided from Oshawa Train station to Clarington and Peterborough via the downtown bus terminal. The [[Oshawa GO Station|Oshawa Station]] is owned by the national rail carrier [[Via Rail]], which operates a service along the [[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor|Quebec City-Windsor Corridor]]. Other services from the station include GO Buses, and the regional transit system [[Durham Region Transit]] provides local bus service. It replaced [[Oshawa Transit]] on 1 January 2006.

The province announced in June 2016 an extension of the GO train service from Oshawa to Bowmanville, including extending the train network by nearly {{Convert|20|km|mi}} and building four new stations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Ontario |date=20 June 2016 |title=Ontario Expanding GO Rail Service in Durham Region |url=https://news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2016/06/ontario-expanding-go-rail-service-in-durham-region.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620140153/https://news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2016/06/ontario-expanding-go-rail-service-in-durham-region.html |archive-date=20 June 2016 |website=Government of Ontario Newsroom |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The new GO rail service is expected to begin by 2023–24. The four new stations will be at Thornton Road in Oshawa, Ritson Road in Oshawa, Courtice Road in Courtice and Martin Road in Bowmanville.

Private intercity buses are provided by [[TOK Coachlines]] (formerly Can-ar Coach Service) daily to/from [[Lindsay, Ontario|Lindsay]] and Toronto.<ref name="TOK-schedule">{{Cite web |title=Schedules |date=3 July 2019 |url=https://tokcoachlines.com/schedule-services/ |access-date=9 December 2020 |publisher=TOK Group}}</ref>

Rail freight is carried on the [[Canadian National Railway|Canadian National]] and [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]s which traverse the city.

Other than [[Ontario Highway 2|Highway 2]] (King and Bond Streets), which was downloaded in 1998, the city had no provincially maintained highways until the original section of [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] opened in 1947 (as [[Ontario Highway 2A|Highway 2A]]). The highway originally terminated at Ritson Road, and was extended east through the remainder of the city to Newcastle in 1952. Oshawa was the only city that Highway 401 was built directly through, rather than bypassing. This resulted in the demolition of several streets and hundreds of homes in the 1930s and 1940s.

[[Highway 407]], a tolled [[400-series highways|400-series highway]], opened to Harmony Road in Oshawa on 20 June 2016, including a tolled north–south link to Highway 401 known as [[Ontario Highway 412|Highway 412]]. A recently completed segment east of the city opened in 2020, connecting to [[Ontario Highway 35|Highway 35]] / [[Ontario Highway 115|Highway 115]] in [[Clarington]] by 2020, with a second link to Highway 401 known as [[Ontario Highway 418|Highway 418]].

The [[Hamilton-Oshawa Port Authority|Port of Oshawa]] is a major stop for the auto and steel industries as well as winter road salt handling and agricultural fertilizer. A marine rescue unit (COMRA) is also stationed at the port. On 21 May 2009, Canadian Transportation Minister [[John Baird (Canadian politician)|John Baird]] announced that the status of Oshawa's port would be changed from a harbour commission to a full-fledged [[Port Authority]]. The creation of a federal port authority has caused some controversy as there are others who wish to see the port transferred to municipal ownership and recreational use.

[[Oshawa Executive Airport]] is a municipal airport owned by the city that operates all private general aviation and charter services for eastern Toronto, with customs and immigration officers on-site. Oshawa Executive does not offer any scheduled airline services. The closest international airports with scheduled service is [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], located {{Convert|75|km|mi}} west by road in Mississauga or [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] in downtown Toronto.

===Health care===
Oshawa is the site of [[Lakeridge Health Oshawa]], formerly Oshawa General Hospital. Lakeridge Health is one of Ontario's largest community hospitals. The facility also houses the RS. McLaughlin Durham Regional Cancer Centre.

Lakeridge Health Oshawa is also home to Lakeridge Health Education and Research Network (LHEARN) that opened in 2013. LHEARN is the academic home for Queen's University family physician residency program and for pediatric residency and training. LHEARN Centre provides training and testing medical professionals, including doctors, nurses and first responders (including [[Ornge]] critical care air ambulance paramedics).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced Medical Training |url=https://www.lakeridgehealth.on.ca/en/trainingandresearch/advancedmedicaltraining.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930204847/https://www.lakeridgehealth.on.ca/en/trainingandresearch/advancedmedicaltraining.asp |archive-date=30 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Oshawa is also home to the Oshawa Clinic, the largest, multi-specialty medical group practice in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oshawa Clinics |url=http://www.oshawaclinic.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025070425/http://www.oshawaclinic.com/ |archive-date=25 October 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 24 April 2020, General Motors Canada reopened the city's local plant in order to manufacture [[Personal protective equipment]] for healthcare workers treating patients infected with [[COVID-19]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario|2019–20 coronavirus pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Chris |date=27 April 2020 |title=GM to reopen plant to make PPE |url=http://oshawaexpress.ca/gm-to-reopen-plant-to-make-ppe/ |website=Oshawa Express}}</ref>

===Emergency services===
Policing in Oshawa is provided by the [[Durham Regional Police Service]]. There are two police stations in Oshawa one at 77 Centre Street North in the downtown area, and a South Oshawa Community Policing Centre on Cedar Street. EMS/Ambulance services are also operated by the Region of Durham. Oshawa Fire Services operated by the city operates from six fire stations located throughout the city.

Oshawa was the first city in Ontario to provide paramedic services. In 1979, 16 ambulance attendants were given specialized training to treat cardiac related problems in the pre-hospital setting. The program was called the Pre-hospital Cardiac Care (PHCC) program. From this single service, paramedic training was expanded to Toronto, Hamilton and the Provincial air ambulance service. The program has been the source of all paramedic programs in Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Experience |url=https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/587a5f17b13942a68178b2081df39af5/page/1960s-to-1990s/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=experience.arcgis.com}}</ref>