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AdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text==== Zimbabwe ==== In Zimbabwe, Mbeki had advocated for non-confrontational "quiet diplomacy" as an alternative to the "megaphone diplomacy" used by Western governments that harshly criticised [[Robert Mugabe]]'s regime.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Russell|first=Alec|date=2008-04-16|title=Mbeki's stance on Zimbabwe under fire|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/364a7e70-0bd3-11dd-9840-0000779fd2ac|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref> This approach was controversial, with elements of the ruling alliance calling for a tougher stance against Mugabe and the ruling [[ZANU–PF]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lodge|first=Tom|date=27 October 2004|title=Quiet diplomacy in Zimbabwe: a case study of South Africa in Africa|page=7|work=Paper delivered to the African Studies Centre, [[Leiden]]|url=http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/wirs%20-%20lodge.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910185647/http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/wirs%20-%20lodge.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Russell|first=Alec|date=2008-04-17|title=Mbeki's 'quiet diplomacy' meets an ever louder response|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ca920680-0ca9-11dd-86df-0000779fd2ac|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alden|first=Chris|date=2002-06-01|title=South Africa's 'Quiet Diplomacy' and the crisis in Zimbabwe|url=https://journals.openedition.org/cea/1341|journal=Cadernos de Estudos Africanos|language=en|issue=2|pages=187–211|doi=10.4000/cea.1341|issn=1645-3794|doi-access=free|hdl=10071/3100|hdl-access=free}}</ref> In a 2006 interview with ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', Zuma had supported quiet diplomacy and said of Mugabe:<blockquote>The Europeans often ignore the fact that Mugabe is very popular among Africans... The people love him. So how can we condemn him? Many in Africa believe that there is a racist aspect to European and American criticism of Mugabe. Millions of blacks died in Angola, the Republic of Congo and Rwanda. A few whites lost their lives in Zimbabwe, unfortunately, and already the West is bent out of shape.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2006|title=The West Is Bent out of Shape|work=Der Spiegel|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,455681,00.html|url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810212413/https://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,455681,00.html|archive-date=10 August 2008}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh interacting with the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma, at the G-20 Summit, at Pittsburgh, USA on September 25, 2009.jpg|thumb|Zuma and Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] at the 2009 [[G20]] summit]] By December 2007, Zuma was more forthcoming in criticising Zimbabwe's leadership, contrasting his own policy to Mbeki's, and observing that it was "tragic that other world leaders who witness repression pretend it is not happening, or is exaggerated".<ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 2007|title=Zuma blasts Mbeki's Zimbabwe quiet diplomacy|work=[[Zimbabwe Metro]]|url=http://zimbabwemetro.com/2007/12/16/zuma-blasts-mbeki-s-zimbabwe-quiet-diplomacy/|url-status=dead|access-date=18 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217061621/http://zimbabwemetro.com/2007/12/16/zuma-blasts-mbeki-s-zimbabwe-quiet-diplomacy/|archive-date=17 December 2007}}</ref> He was critical of the Zimbabwean government's behaviour during the disputed [[2008 Zimbabwean general election|March 2008 elections in Zimbabwe]] and called the delays "suspicious".<ref>{{cite news|date=9 April 2008|title=Zuma condemns Zimbabwe poll delay|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7337986.stm|url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413062618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7337986.stm|archive-date=13 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=11 April 2008|title=ZIMBABWE: Mugabe is losing the region's support|work=IRIN (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=77725|url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418064638/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=77725|archive-date=18 April 2008}}</ref> In a press conference on 24 June he said, "We cannot agree with ZANU-PF. We cannot agree with them on values. We fought for the right of people to vote, we fought for democracy."<ref>{{cite news|date=24 June 2008|title=Zuma: Zimbabwe is out of control|work=[[Mail & Guardian]]|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2008-06-24-zuma-zimbabwe-is-out-of-control|url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704161502/http://www.mg.co.za/article/2008-06-24-zuma-zimbabwe-is-out-of-control|archive-date=4 July 2008}}</ref> At an ANC dinner in July, he rebuked Mugabe for refusing to step down,<ref>{{cite news|date=9 July 2008|title=Mugabe has overstayed welcome, Zuma|work=The Zimbabwe Times|url=http://www.thezimbabwetimes.com/?p=827|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121213710/http://www.thezimbabwetimes.com/?p=827|archive-date=21 November 2008}}</ref> and in November he said that the [[Southern African Development Community|South African Development Community]] (SADC) should "force" Zimbabwean leaders to reach an agreement, if necessary.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-11-07|title=Zuma says summit must "force" Zimbabwe deal|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-zimbabwe-politics-zuma-idUKTRE4A64XR20081107|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref> In 2010, Zuma called for international sanctions against Mugabe and his allies to be lifted.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-03-03|title=S.Africa's Zuma backs end to Zimbabwe sanctions|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-safrica-zuma-20100303-idAFJOE62202020100303|access-date=2022-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-03-02|title=Jacob Zuma calls for sanctions on Zimbabwe to be lifted|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/02/jacob-zuma-robert-mugable-sanctions|access-date=2022-01-12|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> After a March 2013 meeting with Mugabe in [[Pretoria]], he highlighted the commonalities between his and Mugabe's political parties, telling the press, "We share the same values, we went through the same route... We believe that our positions as former liberation movements need to be consolidated."<ref name="Drum-2013">{{Cite web|date=2013-03-08|title=Mugabe visits SA|url=https://www.news24.com/drum/news/mugabe-visits-sa-20170728|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Drum|publisher=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Despite tensions in later months, as Zuma and SADC attempted to nudge Mugabe towards democratic reforms,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-12|title=Rift between Zanu-PF and SA deepens|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-12-rift-between-zanu-pf-and-sa-deepens/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> the ''[[Business Day (South Africa)|Business Day]]'' reported that relations between the countries remained "cordial" throughout Zuma's presidency.<ref name="Matsabu-2017">{{Cite web|last=Matsabu|first=Tokollo|date=2017-12-20|title=Emmerson Mnangagwa to meet Jacob Zuma in first official visit to SA|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/world/africa/2017-12-20-emmerson-mnangagwa-to-meet-jacob-zuma-in-first-official-visit-to-sa/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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