Tulsa, Oklahoma

===Incorporation and "Oil Capital" prosperity===
Around August 1, 1882, the town was almost centered at a location just north of the current Whittier Square, when a construction crew laying out the line of the [[St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad]] chose that spot for a sidetrack.<ref name=Whittier>{{cite web|url= https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/michael-overall-how-whittier-square-could-have-been-the-middle-of-downtown-tulsa/article_f6b38386-4b25-11ed-8572-8bcc0dfa6728.html |title=How Whittier Square could have been the middle of downtown Tulsa |first=Michael |last=Overall |work=Tulsa World |date=October 16, 2022|access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>  However, an area merchant persuaded them to move the site further west into the Muscogee Nation, which had friendlier laws for white business owners.<ref name=Whittier/>  On January 18, 1898, Tulsa was officially incorporated and elected [[Edward E. Calkins]] as the city's first mayor.<ref name="Tulsa County History">{{cite web | first=Jeff | last=Smith | date=September 15, 2005 | url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~oktulsa/history.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019033624/http://rootsweb.com/~oktulsa/history.htm | archive-date=October 19, 2007| title=Tulsa County History |publisher=Roots Web| access-date=April 27, 2007}}</ref>

Tulsa was still a micro town near the banks of the [[Arkansas River]] in 1901 when its first oil well, named Sue Bland No. 1,<ref name="Tulsa County History" /> was established. Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the [[Osage Nation]] under a system of headrights. By 1905, the discovery of the grand [[Glenn Pool Oil Reserve]] (located approximately 15 miles south of downtown Tulsa and site of the present-day town of [[Glenpool, Oklahoma|Glenpool]]) prompted a rush of entrepreneurs to the area's growing number of oil fields; Tulsa's population swelled to over 140,000 between 1901 and 1930.<ref name="Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990">{{cite web|date=June 1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |first=Campbell |last=Gibson |publisher=United States Census |access-date=April 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314031958/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |archive-date=March 14, 2007 }}</ref> Unlike the early settlers of Northeastern Oklahoma, who most frequently migrated from the [[Southern United States|South]] and [[Texas]], many of these new oil-driven settlers came to Tulsa from the commercial centers of the East Coast and lower Midwest. This migration distinguished the city's demographics from neighboring communities (Tulsa has larger and more prominent Catholic and Jewish populations than most Oklahoma cities) and is reflected in the designs of early Tulsa's upscale neighborhoods.

[[File:Tulsa OK Map 1920.jpg|thumb|right|A map of Tulsa in 1920]]

Known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, the city's success in the energy industry prompted construction booms in the popular [[Art Deco]] style of the time.<ref name="Tulsa History" /> Profits from the oil industry continued through the [[Great Depression]], helping the city's economy fare better than most in the United States during the 1930s.<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa">{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/artdeco/artdecointulsa.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202031937/http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/artdeco/artdecointulsa.htm | archive-date=December 2, 2006| title=What's Doing in Tulsa?| first=Rex | last=Ball |author2=Jennifer Young | publisher=Tulsa City-County Library | access-date=April 25, 2007}}</ref>

In 1923, [[Harwelden Mansion|Harwelden]] was built by oil baron E. P. Harwell and his wife Mary, and is an example of prosperity in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the 1920s.