Tucson, Arizona

===Post-frontier life===
As other settlers tried to overcome violent frontier society, in 1885, the territorial legislature founded the [[University of Arizona]] as a [[Land-grant university|land-grant college]] on what was overgrazed ranchland between Tucson and Fort Lowell.

In 1890, Asians made up 4.2% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=January 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> They were predominantly Chinese men who had been recruited as workers on the railroads.

By 1900, 7,531 people lived in Tucson. By 1910, the population increased to 13,913.<ref name="census-1930">{{Cite web |title=Arizona |url=https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/1930azpop.pdf |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=census.gov}}</ref> About this time, the U.S. [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Administration]] had begun construction of the present Veterans Hospital. The city's clean, dry air made it a destination for many veterans who had been [[chemical weapons|gassed]] in World War I and needed [[respiratory therapy]]. In addition, these dry and high-altitude conditions were thought to be ideal for the treatment of tuberculosis, for which no cures were known before antibiotics were developed against it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rogers|first=Frank B.|title=The rise and decline of the altitude therapy of tuberculosis|date=1969|journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine|volume=43|issue=1|pages=1–16|jstor=44447350|pmid=4887472}}</ref>

The city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920<ref name="census-1930" /> and 36,818 in 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1940 |title=16th Census, Population, Volume I |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=census.gov}}</ref> In 2006, the estimated population of [[Pima County, Arizona|Pima County]], in which Tucson is located, passed one million,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNamara |first=Patrick |date=March 18, 2011 |title=Pima County falls short of 1M mark |url=https://www.insidetucsonbusiness.com/news/top_stories/pima-county-falls-short-of-1m-mark/article_7364b0fc-50d9-11e0-9e9f-001cc4c002e0.html |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=Inside Tucson Business}}</ref> while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}

In 1912, Arizona was admitted as a state. This increased the number of flags that had been flown over Tucson to five: Spanish, Mexican, United States, Confederate, and the State of Arizona.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tucsoncitizen.com/community/2010/08/20/feliz-cumpleanos-happy-birthday-tucson/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721160045/http://tucsoncitizen.com/community/2010/08/20/feliz-cumpleanos-happy-birthday-tucson/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |title=Feliz Cumpleaños (Happy Birthday) Tucson! – Carolyn's Community |work=Tucson Citizen |date=August 20, 2010 |access-date=October 27, 2011 }}</ref>
{{wide image|Tucson old (edited).jpg|1000px|alt=Tucson, 1909|Tucson, 1909}}

During the territorial and early statehood periods, Tucson was Arizona's largest city and commercial center, while Phoenix was the seat of state government (beginning in 1889) and agriculture. The development of [[Davis–Monthan Air Force Base|Tucson Municipal Airport]] increased the city's prominence. Between 1910 and 1920, though, Phoenix surpassed Tucson in population, and has continued to outpace Tucson in growth. In recent years, both Tucson and Phoenix have had some of the highest growth rates of any jurisdiction in the United States.