Tuberculosis Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Identification=== Although [[Dr Richard Morton|Richard Morton]] established the pulmonary form associated with [[tubercle (anatomy)|tubercles]] as a pathology in 1689,<ref name="WhoNamedIt-Calmette">{{WhoNamedIt|doctor|2413|LĂ©on Charles Albert Calmette}}</ref><ref name="MedHist1970-Trail">{{cite journal | vauthors = Trail RR | title = Richard Morton (1637-1698) | journal = Medical History | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 166â74 | date = April 1970 | pmid = 4914685 | pmc = 1034037 | doi = 10.1017/S0025727300015350 }}</ref> due to the variety of its symptoms, TB was not identified as a single disease until the 1820s. [[Benjamin Marten]] conjectured in 1720 that consumptions were caused by microbes which were spread by people living close to each other.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Marten B |title=A New Theory of ConsumptionsâMore Especially a Phthisis or Consumption of the Lungs |date=1720 |publisher=T. Knaplock |location=London, England |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5320214800&view=1up&seq=7 |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326205015/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5320214800&view=1up&seq=7 |url-status=live }} P. 51: "The ''Original'' and ''Essential Cause'' ... may possibly be some certain Species of ''Animalcula'' or wonderfully minute living Creatures, ... " P. 79: "It may be therefore very likely, that by an habitual lying in the same Bed with a Consumptive Patient, constantly Eating and Drinking with him, or by very frequently conversing so nearly, as to draw in part of the Breath he emits from his Lungs, a Consumption may be caught by a sound Person; ... "</ref> In 1819, [[RenĂ© Laennec]] claimed that tubercles were the cause of pulmonary tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Laennec RT |title=De l'auscultation mĂ©diate ... |date=1819 |publisher=J.-A. Brosson et J.-S ChaudĂ© |location=Paris, France |volume=1 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcZEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA20 |language=fr |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212549/https://books.google.com/books?id=LcZEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA20 |url-status=live }} From p. 20: ''"L'existence des tubercules dans le poumon est la cause et constitue le charactĂšre anatomique propre de la phthisie pulmonaire (a). (a) ... l'effet dont cette maladie tire son nom, c'est-Ă -dire, la consumption."'' (The existence of tubercles in the lung is the cause and constitutes the unique anatomical characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (a). (a) ... the effect from which this malady [pulmonary tuberculosis] takes its name, that is, consumption.)</ref> [[Johann Lukas Schönlein|J. L. Schönlein]] first published the name "tuberculosis" (German: ''Tuberkulose'') in 1832.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Schönlein JL |title=Allgemeine und specielle Pathologie und Therapie |trans-title=General and Special Pathology and Therapy |date=1832 |publisher=C. Etlinger |location=WĂŒrzburg, (Germany) |volume=3 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAtbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA103 |language=de |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602233224/https://books.google.com/books?id=zAtbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>The word "tuberculosis" first appeared in Schönlein's clinical notes in 1829. See: {{cite journal | vauthors = Jay SJ, Kırbıyık U, Woods JR, Steele GA, Hoyt GR, Schwengber RB, Gupta P | title = Modern theory of tuberculosis: culturomic analysis of its historical origin in Europe and North America | journal = The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | volume = 22 | issue = 11 | pages = 1249â1257 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30355403 | doi = 10.5588/ijtld.18.0239 | s2cid = 53027676 }} See especially Appendix, p. iii.</ref> Between 1838 and 1845, John Croghan, the owner of [[Mammoth Cave]] in Kentucky from 1839 onwards, brought a number of people with tuberculosis into the cave in the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air; each died within a year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/02/26/mammoth.cave.ap/index.html | title = Kentucky: Mammoth Cave long on history. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060813140746/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/02/26/mammoth.cave.ap/index.html | archive-date= 13 August 2006| work = [[CNN]] | date = 27 February 2004 | access-date = 8 October 2006 }}</ref> Hermann Brehmer opened the first TB [[sanatorium]] in 1859 in Görbersdorf (now [[SokoĆowsko]]) in [[Silesia]].<ref name =sanatoria>{{cite journal | vauthors = McCarthy OR | title = The key to the sanatoria | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume = 94 | issue = 8 | pages = 413â17 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11461990 | pmc = 1281640 | url = http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11461990 | doi = 10.1177/014107680109400813 | access-date = 28 September 2011 | archive-date = 3 August 2012 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120803180504/http://www.jrsm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11461990 | url-status = live }}</ref> In 1865, [[Jean Antoine Villemin]] demonstrated that tuberculosis could be transmitted, via inoculation, from humans to animals and among animals.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Villemin JA |title=Cause et nature de la tuberculose |journal=Bulletin de l'AcadĂ©mie ImpĂ©riale de MĂ©decine |date=1865 |volume=31 |pages=211â216 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103060562&view=1up&seq=215 |trans-title=Cause and nature of tuberculosis |language=fr |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209200251/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103060562&view=1up&seq=215 |url-status=live }} * See also: {{cite book |vauthors=Villemin JA |title=Etudes sur la tuberculose: preuves rationnelles et expĂ©rimentales de sa spĂ©cificitĂ© et de son inoculabilitĂ© |trans-title=Studies of tuberculosis: rational and experimental evidence of its specificity and inoculability |date=1868 |publisher=J.-B. BailliĂšre et fils |location=Paris, France |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFg7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7 |language=fr |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207093804/https://books.google.com/books?id=JFg7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> (Villemin's findings were confirmed in 1867 and 1868 by [[John Burdon-Sanderson]].<ref>Burdon-Sanderson, John Scott. (1870) "Introductory Report on the Intimate Pathology of Contagion." Appendix to: Twelfth Report to the Lords of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council [for the year 1869], Parliamentary Papers (1870), vol. 38, 229â256.</ref>) [[File:RobertKoch.jpg|upright|thumb|Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacillus.]] [[Robert Koch]] identified and described the bacillus causing tuberculosis, ''M. tuberculosis'', on 24 March 1882.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Koch R | title = Robert Koch: Zentrale Texte | chapter = Die Ătiologie der Tuberkulose (1882) |series=Klassische Texte der Wissenschaft |date=24 March 1882|trans-title=The Etiology of Tuberculosis| chapter-url = http://edoc.rki.de/docviews/abstract.php?id=610|volume=19|pages=221â30|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-56454-7_4|isbn=978-3-662-56454-7|access-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191545/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020075001;view=1up;seq=235|url-status=live|publisher=Springer Spektrum|location=Berlin, Heidelberg}}</ref><ref name="discoverydate">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/worldtbday/history.htm|title=History: World TB Day|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url-status=live|access-date=23 March 2019|date=12 December 2016|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207112253/https://www.cdc.gov/tb/worldtbday/history.htm}}</ref> In 1905, he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for this discovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1905/summary/|access-date=7 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210184150/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/|archive-date=10 December 2006|url-status=live|website=www.nobelprize.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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