Synagogue of Satan

==Other uses==
Similar language is found in the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], where a small persecuted Jewish sect considered the rest of [[Apostasy in Judaism|Judaism apostate]], and called its persecutors "the lot of [[Belial]]" (Satan).<ref>Keener, Craig S. , ''The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament'', InterVarsity Press, p.773.</ref>

The phrase is also used in a fragment of a [[Lost literary work|lost work]] on [[Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria|Dioscorus I of Alexandria]] found at the [[Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great]] in 1923 and identified by American theologian [[William Hatch (theologian)|William Hatch]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hatch, W.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1507736.pdf|title=A Fragment of a Lost Work on Dioscorus|journal=The Harvard Theological Review |year=1926 |volume=19 |issue=4 |publisher=Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Oct., 1926)|pages=377–381|doi=10.1017/S0017816000007811 |jstor=1507736 |s2cid=163505088 }}</ref> Hatch believes the term refers to the [[Council of Chalcedon]], which Dioscorus attended in 451 and from which he was deposed and exiled for his [[Monophysitism]].

In 1653, Quakers Elizabeth Williams and [[Mary Fisher (missionary)|Mary Fisher]] attacked members of [[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge|Sidney Sussex College]] at Cambridge as "Antichrists" and called their college "a Cage of unclean Birds and a Synagogue of Satan."<ref>{{Cite book|date=2017|title=The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern English Literature and Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HCwpDwAAQBAJ&q=quakers+oxford+synagogues+of+satan&pg=PA99|access-date=31 Dec 2020|website=Google Books p. 99|isbn=9780191653421|first1=Andrew|last1=Hiscock|last2=Wilcox|first2=Helen|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> For this, they were publicly flogged.

[[Billy Graham]] used the phrase "synagogue of Satan" to refer to the Jews in a private 1973 [[White House]] conversation with President [[Richard Nixon]].<ref>{{cite AV media| people=Nixon, Richard M. (President), Graham, William F. ("Billy") | date=February 21, 1973 | title=White House Telephone - Audiotape 043-161 | medium=Audio Recording| location=Washington, D.C.| publisher=Richard Nixon Presidential Library |time=12:58 |url=https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/white-house-tapes/043 |access-date=July 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2022-09-12|title=How Should Jews Remember Rev. Billy Graham?|url=https://www.jta.org/2018/02/21/ny/how-should-jews-remember-rev-billy-graham|date=21 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Eric|date=June 25, 2009|title=New Nixon Tapes Include Phone Call with Billy Graham|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/new-nixon-tapes-include-phone-call-with-billy-graham.html|access-date=2021-07-16|publisher=[[The Christian Post]]}}</ref> When tapes of the conversation were released many years later, Graham apologized for what were deemed by many to be antisemitic remarks.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=2002-03-03|title=Billy Graham Apologizes to Jews For His Remarks on Nixon Tapes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/03/us/billy-graham-apologizes-to-jews-for-his-remarks-on-nixon-tapes.html|access-date=2021-07-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The encyclical ''[[Etsi multa]]'', written by [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1873, refers to [[Freemasonry]] as "the synagogue of Satan".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=David Lawrence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5_QDwAAQBAJ|title=The Catholic Catechism on Freemasonry: A Theological and Historical Treatment on the Catholic Church's Prohibition Against Freemasonry and its Appendant Masonic Bodies|publisher=Saint Dominic's Media, Inc.|year=2020|isbn=978-0-578-64213-0|location=Belleville, IL|pages=111|oclc=1202626018|access-date=May 16, 2021}}</ref>