Racial segregation in the United States

==Civil rights after the Civil War==
[[File:"Colored" drinking fountain from mid-20th century with african-american drinking (cropped).jpg|thumb|An African American man drinking at a "colored" drinking fountain in a streetcar terminal in [[Oklahoma City]], 1939<ref>{{cite web| last = Lee| first = Russell| title = Negro drinking at "Colored" water cooler in streetcar terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma| work = Prints & Photographs Online Catalog| publisher = [[Library of Congress]] Home|date=July 1939| url = https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1997026728/PP/| access-date = March 23, 2005}}</ref>]]

[[History of African-American education|Black schools]] were established by some religious groups and philanthropists to educate African Americans. [[Oberlin Academy]] was one of the early schools to integrate. [[Lowell High School (Massachusetts)|Lowell High School]] also accepted African American students.

California passed a law prohibiting "Negroes, Mongolians and Indians" from attending public schools.<ref name="crf-usa.org">{{cite web | url=https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-23-2-c-mendez-v-westminster-paving-the-way-to-school-desegregation#:~:text=In%201854%2C%20black%20students%20in,white%20children%20anywhere%20in%20California | title=Teach Democracy }}</ref> It took ten or more minorities in a community to petition for a segregated school or these groups were denied access to public education. The state's superintendent of schools, [[Andrew Moulder]], stated: "The great mass of our citizens will not associate in terms of equality with these inferior races, nor will they consent that their children do so."<ref name="crf-usa.org"/>

In Colorado housing and school segregation lasted into the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pressbooks.pub/coloradohistorydetectives/chapter/who-fought-to-belong-in-colorado/#:~:text=In%201895%2C%20Colorado%20legislators%20approved,which%20Congress%20approved%20in%201868 | title=Who Fought for Equality in Colorado? | date=March 30, 2019 | last1=Laugen | first1=Todd | last2=Frisbee | first2=Meg }}</ref>

In 1867, Portland, Oregon prevented a Black student from attending its public elementary schools and instead established a separate segregated school when it was sued.<ref>https://www.ohs.org/oregon-historical-quarterly/upload/OHQ_111_1-Johnson-and-Williams_PPS.pdf</ref> Portland's public schools were integrated in 1872.