Pope

=== Title and etymology ===
{{Main|Pope (title)|l1=''Pope'' (title)}}
The word ''[[Pope (title)|pope]]'' derives from the [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[wikt:πάππας|πάππας]]}} ({{transliteration|grc|páppas}}), meaning 'father'. In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the East, to all [[bishop]]s<ref name=ODCC:Pope>{{citation |title=Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |contribution=Pope}}</ref> and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the West to the bishop of Rome during the reign of [[Pope Leo I]] (440–461),<ref>Asimov, Isaac (1967) ''The Roman Empire'', Houghton Mifflin: Boston, p. 236</ref> a reservation made official only in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Elwell|first=Walter A.|url=|title=Evangelical Dictionary of Theology|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8010-2075-9|page=888|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Greer|first=Thomas H.|url=|title=A Brief History of the Western World|author2=Gavin Lewis|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2004|isbn=978-0-534-64236-5|page=172|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mazza|first=Enrico|url=|title=The Eucharistic Prayers of the Roman Rite|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8146-6078-2|page=63|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=O'Malley|first=John W.|url=|title=A History of the Popes|publisher=Government Institutes|year=2009|isbn=978-1-58051-227-5|page=xv|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Schatz|first=Klaus|url=|title=Papal Primacy|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8146-5522-1|pages=28–29|access-date=}}</ref> The earliest record of the use of the title of 'pope' was in regard to the by-then-deceased [[patriarch of Alexandria]], [[Pope Heraclas of Alexandria|Heraclas]] (232–248).<ref>Eusebius, ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' Book VII, chapter 7.4</ref> The earliest recorded use of the title "pope" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman [[Pope Vitalian]] in an Old English translation of [[Bede]]'s {{lang|la|[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum]]}}.<ref>"pope, n.1". Oxford English Dictionary Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. 21 November 2011</ref>