Olusegun Obasanjo

== Early military career ==
=== Military training: 1958–1959 ===
In March 1958, Obasanjo enlisted in the Nigerian Army.{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=12|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=73}} He saw it as an opportunity to continue his education while earning a salary;{{sfn|Derfler|2011|p=73}} he did not immediately inform his family, fearing that his parents would object.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=12}} It was at this time that the [[Nigerian Army]] was being transferred to the control of the Nigerian colonial government, in preparation for an anticipated full Nigerian independence, and there were attempts afoot to get more native Nigerians into the higher ranks of its military.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=12}}
He was then sent to a Regular Officers' Training School at [[Teshie]] in [[Ghana]].{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=12|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=73}} When stationed abroad, he sent letters and presents to his fiancé in Nigeria.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=16}} In September 1958, he was selected for six months of additional training at [[Mons Officer Cadet School]] in [[Aldershot]], southern [[England]]. Obasanjo disliked it there, believing that it was a [[classism|classist]] and [[racism|racist]] institution, and found it difficult adjusting to the colder, wetter English weather.{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1pp=12–13|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=73}} It reinforced his negative opinions of the [[British Empire]] and its right to rule over its colonised subjects.{{sfn|Derfler|2011|p=73}} At Mons, he received a commission and a certificate in engineering. While Obasanjo was in [[England]], his mother died. His father then died a year later.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=13}}

In 1959, Obasanjo returned to Nigeria. There, he was posted to [[Kaduna]] as an infantry subaltern with the Fifth Battalion.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=13}} His time in Kaduna was the first time that Obasanjo lived in a Muslim-majority area.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=13}} It was while he was there, in October 1960, that Nigeria became an independent country.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=14}}

=== Congo crisis: 1960–1961 ===
{{See also|Congo Crisis}}Shortly after, the Fifth Battalion were sent to the [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo]] as part of a [[United Nations]] peacekeeping force. There, the battalion were stationed in [[Kivu|Kivu Province]], with their headquarters at [[Bukavu]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=14}} In the Congo, Obasanjo and others were responsible for protecting civilians, including the ethnic Belgian minority, against [[1960 Force Publique mutinies|soldiers who had mutinied]] against [[Patrice Lumumba]]'s government.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=14}} In February 1961, Obasanjo was captured by the mutineers while he was evacuating [[Roman Catholic]] missionaries from a station near Bukavu. The mutineers considered executing him but were ordered to release him. In May 1961, the Fifth Battalion left the Congo and returned to Nigeria.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=14}} During the conflict, he had been appointed a temporary captain.{{sfn|Derfler|2011|p=73}} He later noted that the time spent in the Congo strengthened the "Pan-African fervour" of his battalion.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=14}}

=== Return from the Congo: 1961–1966 ===
On his return, Obasanjo bought his first car,{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=15}} and was hospitalised for a time with a stomach ulcer.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=16}} On his recovery, he was transferred to the Army Engineering Corps.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=16}} In 1962 he was stationed at the [[Royal College of Military Engineering]] in England.{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=16|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2pp=73–74}} There, he excelled and was described as "the best Commonwealth student ever".{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=16|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=74}} That year, he paid for Akinlawon to travel to London where she could join a training course.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=16}} The couple married in June 1963 at the [[Camberwell Green]] Registry Office, only informing their families after the event.{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=16|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=74}} That year, Obasanjo was ordered back to Nigeria, although his wife remained in London for three more years to finish her course.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|pp=16–17}} Once in Nigeria, Obasanjo took command of the Field Engineering Squadron based at Kaduna.{{sfnm|1a1=Iliffe|1y=2011|1p=17|2a1=Derfler|2y=2011|2p=74}} Within the military, Obasanjo steadily progressed through the ranks, becoming a major in 1965.{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=16}} He used his earning to purchase land, in the early 1960s obtaining property in Ibadan, Kaduna, and [[Lagos]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=39}} In 1965, Obasanjo was sent to India. En route, he visited his wife in London. In [[India]], he studied at the [[Defence Services Staff College]] in [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] and then the [[College of Engineering, Pune|School of Engineering]] in [[Pune|Poona]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=17}} Obasanjo was appalled at the starvation that he witnessed in India although took an interest in the country's culture, something that encouraged him to read books on [[comparative religion]].{{sfn|Iliffe|2011|p=17}}