Lubbock, Texas

==Geography==
Lubbock is considered to be the center of the Llano Estacado portion of the South Plains, with Midland on the southern edge, and Amarillo denoting the northern boundary.<ref name="Ecoregions of Texas">{{cite web |url=https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/tx/tx_front.pdf |title=Ecoregions of Texas |access-date=2021-07-18 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718113547/https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/tx/tx_front.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], as of 2022, the city has a total area of {{convert|135.85|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|134.605|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}  (99.08%) are land and {{convert|1.244|sqmi|2|abbr=on}}, or (0.92%), is covered by water.<ref name="CensusGazetteer"/> The population density was {{convert|1,900|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.

===Skyline===
[[File:Wells Fargo Building Lubbock.JPG|thumb|The [[Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)|Wells Fargo Building]] is the second-tallest building in Lubbock.]]

The tallest buildings in Lubbock are listed below.<ref>{{cite news |first=Adam D. |last=Young |title=City's tallest buildings likely won't face challenge for years |newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |date=August 9, 2010 |url=http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2010-08-09/citys-tallest-buildings-wont-face-challenge-years |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310160816/http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2010-08-09/citys-tallest-buildings-wont-face-challenge-years |url-status=live |archive-date=March 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lubbock |publisher=SkyscraperPage |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=96 |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913091837/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=96 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=High-rise buildings in Lubbock |publisher=Emporis |url=http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/high-rise-buildings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627235043/http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/high-rise-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Low-rise buildings in Lubbock |publisher=Emporis |url=http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/low-rise-buildings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627205229/http://www.emporis.com/city/lubbock-tx-usa/low-rise-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class="unsortable"|Rank
! Name
! Height<br /><small>ft / m</small>
! Floors (Stories)
! Year Completed
|-
| 1
| [[Metro Tower (Lubbock)|NTS Tower]]
| 274/84
| 20
| 1955
|-
| 2
| [[Wells Fargo Building (Lubbock)|Wells Fargo Building]]
| 209/64
| 15
| 1968
|-
| 3
| [[Texas Tech Media and Communication Building|TTU Media and Communication Building]]
|  208/63
| 12
| 1969
|-
| 4
| [[Overton Hotel]]
| 165/50
| 15
| 2009
|-
| 5
| TTU Architecture Building
| 158/48
| 10
| 1971
|-
| 6
| Citizens Tower
| 153/46.5
| 11
| 1963
|-
| 7
| [[Park Tower (Lubbock)|Park Tower]]
| 150/46
| 15
| 1968
|-
| – 
| Caprock Hilton Hotel (demolished)
| 144/44
| 12
| 1929
|-
| 8
| Lubbock County Office Building
| 143/44
| 12
| 1940
|- 
| 9
| Pioneer Hotel
| 136/41.5
| 11
| 1926
|-
| 10 =
| TTU Chitwood Hall
| 134/41
| 12
| 1967
|-
| 10 =
| TTU Coleman Hall
| 134/41
| 12
| 1967
|-
| 10 =
| TTU Weymouth Hall
| 134/41
| 12
|1967
|-
| 13
| Lubbock National Bank Building
| 134/41
| 10
| 1979
|-
| 14
| [[Covenant Medical Center]]
| 114/34.5
| 10
| 1994
|-
| 15
| Mahon Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse
| 107/33
| 8
| 1971
|-
| 16
| [[United Supermarkets Arena#Design|Victory Tower]]
| 96/29
| 8
| 1999
|}

===Climate===
Lubbock has a [[semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|cool semi-arid climate]] [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen classification]] ''BSk''). On average, Lubbock receives {{convert|18.33|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rain and {{convert|7.0|in|m|abbr=on}} of snow per year.<ref name="NCEI Summary of Monthly Normals - 1991-2020"/>

In 2013, Lubbock was named the "Toughest Weather City" in America according to the [[The Weather Channel|Weather Channel]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Loesh |first1=Jennifer |title=Voters declare Lubbock toughest weather city |url=http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2013-04-05/voters-declare-lubbock-toughest-weather-city#.WD8JGbIrKM8?sp-tk=D6BB022C2FC4299D01035BFC0B4955F0C9611478139537E456EB57986A319C28A603F75855B18C3875A5876ABD529513D26002F0C1CB355F601F178B65DE5FE163F4BB60929F999A736D36BA897659C1B22D626E65FD336CF31AF9406D4A442B6181AF120BA77EFE2F85B09814716BC83569003993C6978CC25183B1052DE2147DEF0809DE33D54A6B35C98FC858EE5707E12D958F61A9B72EEDB04A94A3F8226D00E991 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201023457/http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2013-04-05/voters-declare-lubbock-toughest-weather-city#.WD8JGbIrKM8?sp-tk=D6BB022C2FC4299D01035BFC0B4955F0C9611478139537E456EB57986A319C28A603F75855B18C3875A5876ABD529513D26002F0C1CB355F601F178B65DE5FE163F4BB60929F999A736D36BA897659C1B22D626E65FD336CF31AF9406D4A442B6181AF120BA77EFE2F85B09814716BC83569003993C6978CC25183B1052DE2147DEF0809DE33D54A6B35C98FC858EE5707E12D958F61A9B72EEDB04A94A3F8226D00E991 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Summers are hot, with 92 afternoons on average of {{convert|90|°F|1}}+ highs and 13.3 afternoons of {{convert|100|°F|1}}+ highs, with lows of {{convert|70|°F|1}}+ on 30 mornings.<ref name = NOAA/> Lubbock is the 10th-windiest city in the US with an average wind speed of {{convert|12.4|mph|km/h m/s|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wind-speed.weatherdb.com/l/232/Lubbock-Texas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413103228/https://wind-speed.weatherdb.com/l/232/Lubbock-Texas |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-04-13 |title=Lubbock, Texas – Average Wind Speed By Month and Year |publisher=Wind-speed.weatherdb.com |access-date=2015-07-12}}</ref> The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|114|°F|1}} on June 27, 1994.<ref name = NOAA/>

Winter afternoons in Lubbock are typically sunny and mild, but mornings are cold, with temperatures usually dipping below freezing, and as the city is in [[Hardiness zone|USDA Plant Hardiness Zone]] 7, lows reaching {{convert|10|°F|1|disp=or}} occur on 1.5 mornings and 4.5 afternoons occur where the temperature fails to rise above freezing. The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|−17|°F|1}} on February 8, 1933.<ref name = NOAA/>

Lubbock can experience severe thunderstorms during the spring, and occasionally the summer. The risk of tornadoes and very large hail exists during the spring in particular, as Lubbock sits on the far southwestern edge of [[Tornado Alley]].

{{Weather box
| location = Lubbock, Texas, 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1911–present
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 87
| Feb record high F = 91
| Mar record high F = 95
| Apr record high F = 104
| May record high F = 109
| Jun record high F = 114
| Jul record high F = 111
| Aug record high F = 109
| Sep record high F = 107
| Oct record high F = 100
| Nov record high F = 90
| Dec record high F = 83
| year record high F= 114
| Jan avg record high F = 76.0
| Feb avg record high F = 80.4
| Mar avg record high F = 87.3
| Apr avg record high F = 92.3
| May avg record high F = 98.8
| Jun avg record high F = 103.1
| Jul avg record high F = 102.1
| Aug avg record high F = 100.3
| Sep avg record high F = 97.0
| Oct avg record high F = 91.5
| Nov avg record high F = 82.1
| Dec avg record high F = 74.9
| year avg record high F= 105.3
| Jan high F = 55.0
| Feb high F = 59.7
| Mar high F = 67.8
| Apr high F = 76.0
| May high F = 84.2
| Jun high F = 91.6
| Jul high F = 93.4
| Aug high F = 92.2
| Sep high F = 84.9
| Oct high F = 75.5
| Nov high F = 63.8
| Dec high F = 55.1
| year high F= 74.9
| Jan mean F = 41.1
| Feb mean F = 45.1
| Mar mean F = 53.0
| Apr mean F = 61.2
| May mean F = 70.4
| Jun mean F = 78.6
| Jul mean F = 81.2
| Aug mean F = 79.9
| Sep mean F = 72.3
| Oct mean F = 61.8
| Nov mean F = 50.0
| Dec mean F = 41.7
| year mean F= 61.4
| Jan low F = 27.2
| Feb low F = 30.6
| Mar low F = 38.3
| Apr low F = 46.3
| May low F = 56.7
| Jun low F = 65.6
| Jul low F = 69.0
| Aug low F = 67.5
| Sep low F = 59.8
| Oct low F = 48.1
| Nov low F = 36.3
| Dec low F = 28.3
| year low F= 47.8
| Jan avg record low F = 13.4
| Feb avg record low F = 15.8
| Mar avg record low F = 21.4
| Apr avg record low F = 31.1
| May avg record low F = 41.7
| Jun avg record low F = 56.1
| Jul avg record low F = 62.1
| Aug avg record low F = 59.7
| Sep avg record low F = 46.6
| Oct avg record low F = 31.5
| Nov avg record low F = 20.0
| Dec avg record low F = 12.8
| year avg record low F= 9.1
| Jan record low F = −16
| Feb record low F = −17
| Mar record low F = −2
| Apr record low F = 18
| May record low F = 27
| Jun record low F = 39
| Jul record low F = 49
| Aug record low F = 43
| Sep record low F = 33
| Oct record low F = 16
| Nov record low F = −1
| Dec record low F = −2
| year record low F= −17
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.65
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.65
| Mar precipitation inch = 1.10
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.33
| May precipitation inch = 2.69
| Jun precipitation inch = 2.58
| Jul precipitation inch = 1.96
| Aug precipitation inch = 1.74
| Sep precipitation inch = 2.55
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.53
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.80
| Dec precipitation inch = 0.75
| year precipitation inch= 18.33
| Jan snow inch = 1.6
| Feb snow inch = 1.4
| Mar snow inch = 0.4
| Apr snow inch = 0.1
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.1
| Nov snow inch = 1.0
| Dec snow inch = 2.4
| year snow inch = 7.0
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 3.5
| Feb precipitation days = 4.2
| Mar precipitation days = 4.9
| Apr precipitation days = 4.4
| May precipitation days = 7.0
| Jun precipitation days = 7.6
| Jul precipitation days = 5.8
| Aug precipitation days = 6.4
| Sep precipitation days = 6.0
| Oct precipitation days = 5.6
| Nov precipitation days = 3.7
| Dec precipitation days = 3.6
| year precipitation days = 62.7
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 1.6
| Feb snow days = 1.4
| Mar snow days = 0.7
| Apr snow days = 0.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.2
| Nov snow days = 0.5
| Dec snow days = 1.2
| year snow days = 5.7
| Jan humidity = 57.9
| Feb humidity = 56.7
| Mar humidity = 49.7
| Apr humidity = 47.2
| May humidity = 52.8
| Jun humidity = 55.7
| Jul humidity = 54.5
| Aug humidity = 59.4
| Sep humidity = 64.3
| Oct humidity = 59.3
| Nov humidity = 57.7
| Dec humidity = 59.5
| year humidity = 56.2
| Jan sun = 210.1
| Feb sun = 202.9
| Mar sun = 267.8
| Apr sun = 286.3
| May sun = 310.7
| Jun sun = 326.0
| Jul sun = 338.0
| Aug sun = 318.6
| Sep sun = 261.6
| Oct sun = 258.2
| Nov sun = 214.7
| Dec sun = 201.7
| year sun = 3196.6
| Jan percentsun = 66
| Feb percentsun = 66
| Mar percentsun = 72
| Apr percentsun = 73
| May percentsun = 72
| Jun percentsun = 76
| Jul percentsun = 77
| Aug percentsun = 77
| Sep percentsun = 71
| Oct percentsun = 73
| Nov percentsun = 69
| Dec percentsun = 65
| year percentsun = 72
| source 1 = NOAA (sun and relative humidity 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lub |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=National Weather Service Climate |access-date=October 14, 2021 |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426223453/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lub |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCEI Summary of Monthly Normals - 1991-2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00023042&format=pdf |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=October 14, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124183634/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00023042&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NOAAsun>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72267.TXT |title=WMO Climate Normals for Lubbock/Regional ARPT, TX 1961–1990 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124183636/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72267.TXT |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- According to google search results, the yearly average relative humidity is 44.5%, which is more consistent with semi-arid climates. I do not know where you get your figures of 56.2% for a place that is almost a desert with little precipitation.-->
}}