John Magufuli

==Early life and political career==
Magufuli ventured into elective politics after a short period as a teacher at The Sengerema Secondary School between 1982 and 1983. He taught chemistry and mathematics. Later on, he quit his teaching job and was employed by The Nyanza Cooperative Union Limited as an industrial chemist. He remained there from 1989 to 1995,<ref name="www3_Univ">{{Cite web |title=Alumni of the Month—John Pombe Joseph Magufuli |work=[[University of Dar es Salaam]] |access-date=21 March 2021 |url=https://www3.udsm.ac.tz/web/index.php/alumni/name/1 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730160418/https://www3.udsm.ac.tz/web/index.php/alumni/name/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> when he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) representing Chato district. He was appointed Deputy Minister for Works in his first term as MP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magufuli the African giant—A peasant's son who became President|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/magufuli-the-african-giant-a-peasant-s-son-who-became-president-3327116|access-date=18 March 2021|website=The Citizen|language=en|date=18 March 2021|location=Tanzania|first=William|last=Shao|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730141631/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/magufuli-the-african-giant-a-peasant-s-son-who-became-president-3327116|url-status=dead}}</ref> He retained his seat in the 2000 election and was promoted to a full ministerial position under the same docket. After President [[Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete]] was requested to take office, he moved John Joseph Magufuli to the post of Minister of Lands and Human Settlement on 4 January 2006.<ref>{{cite news|first=Hassan|last=Muhiddin|url=http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2006/01/05/57238.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121150509/http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2006/01/05/57238.html|title=JK's beefed up team|work=The Guardian|location=Tanzania|date=5 January 2006|archive-date=21 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Subsequently, he served as Minister of Livestock and Fisheries from 2008 to 2010 and again as Minister of Works from 2010 to 2015.<ref name="BBCBulldozer"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Magufuli: A tough president who demanded for accountability|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-03-18-magufuli-a-tough-president-who-demanded-for-accountability/|access-date=21 March 2021|website=The Star|language=en-KE|first=Kevin|last=Cheruiyot|date=18 March 2021|location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=18 March 2021|title=Tanzanian President John Magufuli is dead|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/news/east-africa/tanzania/tanzanian-president-john-magufuli-is-dead-3326496|access-date=18 March 2021|website=Business Daily Africa|language=en}}</ref>

===2015 presidential election===
{{See also|2015 Tanzanian general election}}
On 12 July 2015, Magufuli was [[2015 Chama Cha Mapinduzi presidential primaries|nominated]] as CCM's presidential candidate for the [[2015 Tanzanian general election|2015 election]], after winning a majority vote in the final round of the primary over two opponents: Justice Minister and former United Nations Deputy Secretary-General [[Asha-Rose Migiro]], and the African Union Ambassador to the United States, [[Amina Salum Ali]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |author=CCM |author-link=Chama Cha Mapinduzi |user=ccm_tanzania |number=620171743114559488 |date=12 July 2015 |title=MKUTANO MKUU WA TAIFA umefanikiwa kumteua mgombea Urais 2015 ambaye ni Mhe.John Joseph. Magufuli #UmojaNiUshindi |trans-title=The NATIONAL CONFERENCE has been successfully appointed presidential candidate 2015 which is Mhe.John p. End #UmojaNiUshindi |retweet= |access-date=12 July 2015 |language=sw }}</ref>

Although Magufuli faced a strong challenge from opposition candidate and previous CCM political party member [[Edward Lowassa]] in the election, held on 25 October 2015, Magufuli was declared the winner by the National Electoral Commission (NEC) on 29 October; he received 58% of the vote. His running mate, [[Samia Suluhu]], was also declared vice-president. He was [[Inauguration of John Magufuli|sworn in]] on 5 November 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=29 October 2015|title=Ruling party wins Tanzania presidency|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468|access-date=23 July 2020}}</ref>

===2020 presidential election===
{{See also|2020 Tanzanian general election}}
In July 2020, Magufuli was nominated as the CCM's presidential candidate in elections scheduled for October 2020. His nomination was not opposed after the expulsion from the party earlier in the year of [[Bernard Membe]], a former foreign minister who had planned to challenge the [[2020 Chama Cha Mapinduzi presidential primaries|nomination]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania's Ruling Party Nominates Magufuli for Re-Election|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-11/tanzania-s-ruling-party-nominates-magufuli-for-re-election|access-date=21 March 2020|website=Bloomberg|language=en|url-access=limited|date=11 July 2020|first=Fumbuka|last=Ng'Wanakilala}}</ref> He received the highest votes and was therefore re-elected to extend his presidency until 2025 for a second term.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestnewssouthafrica.com/2021/03/17/tanzania-president-john-magafuli-dies-at-the-age-of-61/|title=Tanzania president John Magafuli dies at the age of 61|date=17 March 2021|access-date=21 March 2021|work=Latest News South Africa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Magufuli-wins-Tanzania-s-presidency-for-the-second-term/1840340-5637358-3ahqjq/index.html|title=Tanzania Election 2020: Magufuli wins Tanzania's presidency for a second term|work=The Citizen|date=30 October 2020|location=Tanzania|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref>

According to [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]], "The election was marred by allegations of arrests of candidates and protesters, restrictions on agents of political parties to access polling stations, multiple voting, pre-ticking of ballots, and widespread blocking of social media." A local elections watchdog group noted a heavy deployment of military and police whose conduct created a "climate of fear".<ref>{{cite news|title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul|work=Al Jazeera|date=30 October 2020|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref> Writing in the ''[[Journal of Democracy]]'', political scientist Dan Paget stated that "The CCM sweep was an authoritarian landslide, achieved through electoral manipulation that was unprecedented in both scale and audacity. This was accompanied by high levels of violent oppression".<ref name="Paget2021">{{cite journal|last1=Paget|first1=Dan|title=Tanzania: The Authoritarian Landslide|journal=Journal of Democracy|volume=32|issue=2|year=2021|pages=61–76|doi=10.1353/jod.2021.0019|hdl=2164/16518|s2cid=234993696|hdl-access=free}}</ref>