Good Housekeeping

==Good Housekeeping Institute== <!-- [[Harvey W. Wiley]] links to this section; please change that article if you change this section heading -->
[[Image:Good housekeeping 1908 08 a.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover from August 1908 made by [[John Cecil Clay]]]]
In 1900, the "Experiment Station," the predecessor to the Good Housekeeping Research Institute (GHRI), now known as the Good Housekeeping Institute, was founded. In 1902, the magazine was calling this "An Inflexible Contract Between the Publisher and Each Subscriber."  The formal opening of the headquarters of the GH Institute – the "Model Kitchen," "Testing Station for Household Devices," and "Domestic Science Laboratory" – occurred in January 1910.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/products/100-anniversary-GHRI-1001 |title=The 100th Anniversary of the Good Housekeeping Research Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104213915/http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/products/100-anniversary-GHRI-1001 |archive-date=January 4, 2008 |work =Good Housekeeping | publisher = Hearst Communications, Inc. |access-date=January 12, 2008}}</ref>

In 1909, the magazine established the Good Housekeeping Seal. Products advertised in the magazine that bear the GH Seal are tested by GH Institute experts and are backed by a two-year limited warranty. About 5,000 products have been given the seal.<ref name="WP2008">{{cite news | first = Walter | last = Nicholls | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/01/AR2008010100642_pf.html | title = Surviving the Test of Time: At Good Housekeeping, A Modern Makeover And Old-Fashioned Appeal | date = January 2, 2008 | newspaper = Washington Post}}</ref>

In April 1912, a year after Hearst bought the magazine, [[Harvey W. Wiley]], the first commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (1907–1912), became head of the Good Housekeeping Research Institute and a contributing editor whose "Question Box" feature ran for decades.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F06EEDA1F31E233A25755C2A9629C946396D6CF | title = Dr. Wiley's Debut as Editor; He Says He Will Be a Watchdog for the Nation's Housekeepers | work = The New York Times | date = April 26, 1912 | page = 9}}</ref> Beginning with a "Beauty Clinic" in 1932, departments were added to the Institute, including a "Baby's Center," "Foods and Cookery," and a "Needlework Room."  Some functioned as testing laboratories, while others were designed to produce editorial copy.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

In 1924, the British Good Housekeeping magazine set up its own Good Housekeeping Institute at 49 Wellington Street in Covent Garden, London. Its first director was [[Dorothy Cottington Taylor]] who ran the "a highly organised laboratory for testing and investigating every kind of household appliance, method, and recipe" for sixteen years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Lizzie |date=2022-05-22 |title=Dorothy Cottington Taylor (1891-1944) |url=https://womenwhomeantbusiness.com/2022/05/22/dorothy-cottington-taylor-1891-1944/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Women Who Meant Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorothy Daisy Cottington-Taylor (née Gale) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw176055/Dorothy-Daisy-Cottington-Taylor-ne-Gale |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

After the passage of the [[Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] in 1938, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture Rexford Tugwell sought to promote a government grading system. The Hearst Corporation opposed the policy in spirit, and began publishing a monthly tabloid attacking federal oversight.  In 1939, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] filed a complaint against ''Good Housekeeping'' for "misleading and deceptive" guarantees including the Seal, and "exaggerated and false" claims in its advertisements.  The publisher fought the proceedings for two years, during which time competing editors from the ''[[Ladies Home Journal]]'' and ''[[McCall's]]'' testified against ''Good Housekeeping''.  The FTC's ultimate ruling was against the magazine, forcing it to remove some claims and phraseology from its ad pages.  The words "Tested and Approved" were dropped from the Seal.  But the magazine's popularity was unaffected, steadily rising in circulation and profitability. In 1962, the wording of the Seal was changed to a guarantee of "Product or Performance", while dropping its endorsement of rhetorical promises made by the advertisers. In its varying forms, the Seal became inextricably associated with the magazine, and many others (e.g., ''McCall's'', ''[[Parents Magazine]]'', and ''[[Better Homes and Gardens (magazine)|Better Homes and Gardens]]'') mimicked the practice.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}