Feminism

=== Terminology ===
{{see also|Protofeminism}}
[[Mary Wollstonecraft]] is seen by many as a founder of feminism due to her 1792 book titled ''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]'' in which she argues that class and private property are the basis of discrimination against women, and that women as much as men needed equal rights.<ref>M Wollstoncraft, ''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]'' (1792) [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman/Chapter_IX ch VII], "From the respect paid to property flow, as from a poisoned fountain, most of the evils and vices which render this world such a dreary scene to the contemplative mind." {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ue0dAAAAQBAJ|isbn = 9781136753039|title = Mary Wollstonecraft, Pedagogy, and the Practice of Feminism|date = 18 July 2013|publisher = Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGSV8ihuJfcC|isbn = 9780061866005|title = Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft|date = 17 March 2009|publisher = Harper Collins}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2015/oct/05/original-suffragette-mary-wollstonecraft|title=The original suffragette: The extraordinary Mary Wollstonecraft|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=5 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://institute-genderequality.org/news-publications/feminism/feminism-18th-century-and-beyond/|title = Feminism in the 18th century and beyond}}</ref> [[Charles Fourier]], a [[Utopian socialism|utopian socialist]] and French philosopher, is credited with having coined the word "féminisme" in 1837.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goldstein|first=Leslie F.|year=1982|title=Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The St.-Simonians and Fourier|journal=[[Journal of the History of Ideas]]|volume=43|issue=1|pages=91–108|doi=10.2307/2709162|jstor=2709162}}</ref> The words "féminisme" ("feminism") and "féministe" ("feminist") first appeared in [[Feminism in France|France]] and the [[Feminism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]] in 1872,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grever|first=Maria|title=Strijd tegen de stilte. Johanna Naber (1859–1941) en de vrouwenstem in geschiedenis|publisher=Hilversum Verloren|year=1994|isbn=90-6550-395-1|pages=31|language=Dutch|chapter=Dutch feminist pioneer [[Mina Kruseman]] in a letter to Alexandre Dumas}}</ref> [[Feminism in the United Kingdom|Great Britain]] in the 1890s, and the [[Feminism in the United States|United States]] in 1910.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Offen|first=Karen|title=Sur l'origine des mots 'féminisme' et 'féministe'|journal=[[Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine]] |year=1987|volume=34|issue=3|pages=492–96|jstor=20529317|doi=10.3406/rhmc.1987.1421}}</ref><ref name="cott">{{cite book|author-link=Nancy F. Cott|last=Cott|first=Nancy F.|title=The Grounding of Modern Feminism|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/groundingofmoder00cott/page/13 13]|isbn=978-0-300-04228-3|url=https://archive.org/details/groundingofmoder00cott/page/13}}</ref> The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' dates the first appearance in English in this meaning back to 1895.<ref name=oed>{{cite encyclopedia |dictionary=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |title=feminism |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69192 |edition=3rd |year=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url-access=subscription|quote=Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement associated with this.}}</ref> Depending on the historical moment, culture and country, feminists around the world have had different causes and goals. Most western feminist historians contend that all movements working to obtain women's rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.<ref name="spender">{{cite book |last=Spender |first=Dale |title=There's Always Been a Women's Movement this Century |url=https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich |url-access=registration |publisher=Pandora Press |location=London |year=1983 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich/page/n98 1]–200|isbn=9780863580024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lerner |first=Gerda |title=The Creation of Feminist Consciousness From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy |url=https://archive.org/details/creationoffemini00gerd |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/creationoffemini00gerd/page/n12 1]–20}}</ref><ref name="walters">{{cite book|last=Walters |first=Margaret |title=Feminism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-19-280510-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/feminismveryshor00walt/page/1 1–176] |url=https://archive.org/details/feminismveryshor00walt/page/1 }}</ref><ref name="kinnaird">{{cite book |last1=Kinnaird |first1=Joan |first2=Mary |last2=Astell |chapter=Inspired by ideas (1668–1731) |editor1-last=Spender |editor1-first=Dale |title=There's Always Been a Women's Movement |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich |chapter-url-access=registration |publisher=Pandora Press |location=London |year=1983 |pages=29–|isbn=9780863580024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-femhist/index.html |last=Witt |first=Charlotte |title=Feminist History of Philosophy |website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |year=2006 |access-date=23 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="taylor">{{cite journal |first1=Ann Taylor |last1=Allen |year=1999 |title=Feminism, Social Science, and the Meanings of Modernity: The Debate on the Origin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860–1914 |journal=[[The American Historical Review]] |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=1085–113 |jstor=2649562 |pmid=19291893 |doi=10.1086/ahr/104.4.1085}}</ref> Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movement and its descendants. Those historians use the label "[[protofeminist]]" to describe earlier movements.<ref name="botting-houser">{{cite journal |first1=Eileen Hunt |last1=Botting |first2=Sarah L. |last2=Houser |year=2006 |title='Drawing the Line of Equality': Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights |journal=[[American Political Science Review]] |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=265–78 |jstor=27644349 |doi=10.1017/S0003055406062150|s2cid=144730126 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, 1912.jpeg|Feminist suffrage parade, New York City, 1912
File:Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg|[[Charlotte Perkins Gilman]] wrote about feminism for the ''Atlanta Constitution'', 10 December 1916.
File:Emmeline Pankhurst addresses crowd.jpg|After selling her home, [[Emmeline Pankhurst]], pictured in New York City in 1913, travelled constantly, giving speeches throughout Britain and the United States.
File:Wilhelmina Drucker IMG0020.tif|In the Netherlands, [[Wilhelmina Drucker]] (1847–1925) fought successfully for the vote and equal rights for women, through organizations she founded.
File:Louise Weiss.jpg|[[Louise Weiss]] along with other Parisian [[suffragette]]s in 1935. The newspaper headline reads "The Frenchwoman Must Vote".
</gallery>
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