Cult

==New religious movements==
{{main|New religious movement}}
[[File:Church-sect continuum.svg|right|thumb|400px|[[Howard P. Becker]]'s church–sect typology, based on [[Ernst Troeltsch]]'s original theory and providing the basis for the modern concepts of cults, [[sect]]s, and [[new religious movement]]s]]
A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious community or spiritual group of modern origins (since the mid-19th century), which has a peripheral place within its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or part of a wider religion, in which case they are distinct from pre-existing [[Religious denomination|denomination]]s.<ref name="Clarke, Peter B 2006">Clarke, Peter B. 2006. ''New Religions in Global Perspective: A Study of Religious Change in the Modern World''. New York: Routledge.</ref><ref name="siegler2007">[[Elijah Siegler|Siegler, Elijah]]. 2007. ''New Religious Movements''. [[Prentice Hall]]. {{ISBN|0131834789}}.</ref> In 1999, [[Eileen Barker]] estimated that NRMs, of which some but not all have been labelled as cults, number in the tens of thousands worldwide; and that the great majority of which have only a few members, some have thousands and only very few have more than a million.<ref name="barker1999">[[Eileen Barker|Barker, Eileen]]. 1999. "New Religious Movements: their incidence and significance." ''New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response'', edited by B. Wilson and J. Cresswell. [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|0415200504}}.</ref> In 2007, [[Religious studies|religious scholar]] [[Elijah Siegler]] commented that, although no NRM had become the dominant faith in any country, many of the concepts which they had first introduced (often referred to as "[[New Age]]" ideas) have become part of worldwide mainstream culture.<ref name="siegler2007" />{{Rp|51}}

High-control groups may encourage their believers to disengage from so-called 'world affairs', shun or limit interaction with nonbelievers, and maintain a distinct identity separate from mainstream culture, reinforcing group cohesion and control. The emphasis on isolation and exclusivity can likewise contribute to the group's sense of identity and reinforce adherence to its beliefs and practices.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luther |first=Rosie |title=What Happens to Those Who Exit Jehovah's Witnesses: An Investigation of the Impact of Shunning |journal=Pastoral Psychology |volume=72 |pages=105–120 |date=2023 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s11089-022-01051-x|pmid=36618854 |pmc=9803876 }}</ref>
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