November 2015 Paris attacks

== Security changes ==

=== In France ===
In response to the attacks, France was put under an [[States of emergency in France|''état d'urgence'' (state of emergency)]] for the first time since [[2005 French riots|the 2005 riots]],<ref name="NYT act of war" /> borders were temporarily closed, and 1,500 soldiers were called in to help the police maintain order in Paris.<ref name="AFP summary" /><ref name="National Post 2015-1" /><ref name="Washington Post live updates">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews-live/liveblog/live-updates-attacks-in-paris/?tid=sm_tw#f641a482-34ca-4352-a8c8-3ae4d95539ab?tid=ss_tw|title=Live updates: Attacks in Paris|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114030454/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews-live/liveblog/live-updates-attacks-in-paris/?tid=sm_tw#f641a482-34ca-4352-a8c8-3ae4d95539ab?tid=ss_tw|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Orsan plan|plan blanc]]'' (Île de France) and ''[[French red plan|plan rouge]]'' (global), two [[contingency plan]]s for times of emergency, were immediately activated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris déploie son ' plan multi-attentats '|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/breve/34449/paris-deploie-son-etlaquo-plan-multi-attentats-etr  |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Radio Canada|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116011050/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/breve/34449/paris-deploie-son-etlaquo-plan-multi-attentats-etr|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Attaques simultanées à Paris: La Préfecture demande aux gens de "rester chez eux"|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730175-20151113-attaques-simultanees-paris-prefecture-demande-gens-rester-chez|website=20 Minutes|date=13 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116020023/http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1730175-20151113-attaques-simultanees-paris-prefecture-demande-gens-rester-chez|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Attaques à Paris : "Plan blanc" d'urgence et de crise à l'AP-HP|url=http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-plan-blanc-durgence-et-de-crise-a-lap-hp-2620155|website=Europe 1|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116005055/http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-plan-blanc-durgence-et-de-crise-a-lap-hp-2620155|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Flights to and from [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] and [[Orly Airport]] were mostly unaffected.<ref name="Nossiter 2015" /> [[American Airlines]] delayed flights to Paris until further notice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/france-shooting-flights-usa-idUSL1N13901120151114|title=American Airlines delays Paris flights |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=13 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115052825/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/france-shooting-flights-usa-idUSL1N13901120151114|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Many [[Paris Métro]] stations in the 10th and 11th arrondissements were shut down because of the attacks.<ref name="National Post 2015-1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-cinq-lignes-de-metro-coupees-2620161|title=Attaques à Paris : cinq lignes de métro coupées|author=A-J.C. avec AFP|work=europe1.fr|date=14 November 2015 |access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116135643/http://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/attaques-a-paris-cinq-lignes-de-metro-coupees-2620161|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Uber]] suspended car hails in Paris after the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.techinsider.io/uber-suspended-in-paris-2015-11|title=Parisians Take to Twitter to Figure Out Transportation After Paris Attacks|author=Megan Willett|work=[[Tech Insider]]|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116220056/http://www.techinsider.io/uber-suspended-in-paris-2015-11|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

All state schools and universities in Paris remained closed the next day.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[Elysee]]|url=http://www.elysee.fr/communiques-de-presse/article/communique-a-l-issue-du-conseil-des-ministres/|title=Communiqué à l'issue du Conseil des ministres|quote=Les écoles, lycées et établissements scolaires et universitaires seront fermés ce samedi|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114003748/http://www.elysee.fr/communiques-de-presse/article/communique-a-l-issue-du-conseil-des-ministres|archive-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=ParisResponse>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks-what-we-know-and-dont-know.html|title=Paris Attacks: What We Know and Don't Know|author=Victoria Shannon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114165717/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/14/world/europe/paris-attacks-what-we-know-and-dont-know.html|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Sports events in France for the weekend of 14–15 November were postponed or cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/news/12040/10066354/sporting-events-in-paris-called-off-in-wake-of-terror-attacks|title=Sporting events in Paris called off in wake of terror attacks|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117000957/http://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/news/12040/10066354/sporting-events-in-paris-called-off-in-wake-of-terror-attacks|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isu.org/en/news-and-events/news/2015/11/grand-prix-fra-cancelled|title=ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Event in Bordeaux France cancelled|date=14 November 2015|publisher=International Skating Union|access-date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116183355/http://isu.org/en/news-and-events/news/2015/11/grand-prix-fra-cancelled|archive-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> [[Disneyland Paris]], which had operated every day since opening in 1992, closed its parks as a mark of respect for those who died in the attacks.<ref name=ParisResponse /><ref>{{cite web|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|title=Disneyland Paris Closed in the Wake of Terrorist Attack|website=Variety|date=14 November 2015|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneyland-paris-closed-in-the-wake-of-terrorist-attack-1201639996/|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116150532/https://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneyland-paris-closed-in-the-wake-of-terrorist-attack-1201639996/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Eiffel Tower]], a Paris landmark visited by 20,000 people a day, was closed for two days.<ref name=ParisResponse /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/16/eiffel-tower-reopens-lit-in-tricolor/75880664/|title=Eiffel Tower reopens, lit in blue, white, red|date=16 November 2015|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011192932/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/11/16/eiffel-tower-reopens-lit-in-tricolor/75880664/|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Other venues that were to remain closed included shops and cinemas.<ref name=ParisResponse /> Protests were banned until 19 November,<ref name=ParisResponse /> while bands such as [[U2]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[Motörhead]], and [[Coldplay]] cancelled performances in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paris attacks: Gigs cancelled as bands pay respects|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34825865|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115153237/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-34825865|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The week after 20 November, Hollande was planning to travel to the US and Russia to discuss greater international co-operation against ISIL.<ref name=star20Nov>{{cite news|last1=Ritter|first1=Karl|last2=Cook|first2=Lorne|date=20 November 2015|title=Death toll rises to 130 following Paris attacks|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/20/third-body-found-at-scene-of-paris-attacks-police-raid.html|newspaper=Toronto Star|location=Toronto, Canada|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120174506/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/20/third-body-found-at-scene-of-paris-attacks-police-raid.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== State of emergency ====
On 13 November, President Hollande declared the [[States of emergency in France|state of emergency]].<ref name="NYT act of war" />

On 20 November, the Senate in France agreed to extend the current state of emergency by three months; this measure gave police extra powers of detention and arrest intended to increase security, at the expense of some personal liberties.<ref name=star20Nov/> (For effects, see also: [[2016 Nice truck attack#Raids and house arrests under state of emergency]].) Public demonstrations of environmental activists during [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP21]], held in Paris from 30 November to 12 December 2015, were prevented from happening under the state of emergency regulations, while others were allowed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-19|title=COP21 climate marches in Paris not authorised following attacks|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/18/cop21-climate-marches-paris-attacks|access-date=2021-12-28|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-29|title=Peaceful Paris climate gathering descends into clashes with police|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/29/peaceful-paris-climate-gathering-descends-into-clashes-with-police|access-date=2021-12-28|website=[[the Guardian]]|language=en}}</ref>

A next time, the state of emergency was extended until the end of July 2016.<ref name=nrcMay>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20160523132415/http://www.nrc.nl/handelsblad/2016/05/12/frankrijk-trekt-onvoldoende-lering-uit-de-aanslag-1617305 'Frankrijk trekt onvoldoende lering uit de aanslagen' ('France learns not enough from the attacks')]. [[NRC Handelsblad]], 12 May 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. François Heisbourg is cited as saying: "The state of emergency has now been extended twice, the last time until end of July 2016".</ref> Further extensions followed after the [[2016 Nice truck attack|attack in Nice]] on 14 July 2016.

=== Belgium ===
{{further|2015 Brussels lockdown}}
Belgium immediately on 13 November tightened security along its border with France and increased security checks for people arriving from France.<ref name=GuardNov15 />

Starting on 21 November 2015, the [[Federal Government of Belgium|government of Belgium]] imposed a security [[lockdown]] on [[Brussels]], including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks in the wake of the series of coordinated attacks in Paris.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |title=Brussels in lockdown after terror threat level is raised to maximum |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/brussels-locked-down-after-terror-threat-level-raised-to-maximum |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121164054/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/brussels-locked-down-after-terror-threat-level-raised-to-maximum |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Brussels shutdown as manhunt for Paris fugitive Abdeslam continues |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34892680 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121235309/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34892680 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="Live">{{cite news |title=Paris attacks: Brussels on high alert |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34889312 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121121359/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34889312 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Higgins |first1=Andrew |last2=de Freytas-Tamura |first2=Kimiko |title=Brussels Placed at Highest Alert Level; Subway Is Closed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/europe/brussels-placed-at-highest-alert-level-subway-is-closed.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121134334/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/world/europe/brussels-placed-at-highest-alert-level-subway-is-closed.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="NBC">{{cite news |last1=Jamieson |first1=Alastair |last2=Winter |first2=Tom |last3=Akyavas |first3=Aziz |last4=Lavanga |first4=Claudio |title=Brussels on Terror Lockdown Amid Threat of Paris-Style Attack |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/belgium-raises-threat-level-brussels-highest-possible-level-n467431 |newspaper=NBC News |date=21 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030526/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/belgium-raises-threat-level-brussels-highest-possible-level-n467431 |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> One of the perpetrators of the attack, Belgian-born French national [[Salah Abdeslam]], was thought to be hiding in the city. As a result of warnings of a serious and imminent threat, the terror alert level was raised to the highest level (four) across the Brussels metropolitan area, and people were advised not to congregate publicly, effectively putting the city under [[lockdown]].<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="BBC" /><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="NBC" />

=== International ===
Cities in the United States took security precautions, especially at sites where large crowds were expected, as well as sports events, concerts, the [[Embassy of France, Washington, D.C.|French embassy]] and other French government sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/nyregion/day-after-paris-attacks-familiar-fear-grips-a-wary-new-york.html |title=Day After Paris Attacks, Familiar Fear Grips a Wary New York|author1=Benjamin Mueller|author2=Michael S. Schmidt|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135803/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/nyregion/day-after-paris-attacks-familiar-fear-grips-a-wary-new-york.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/cities-u-s-increase-security-after-paris-attacks-n463306|title=Cities in U.S. Increase Security After Paris Attacks|publisher=NBC News|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114010352/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/cities-u-s-increase-security-after-paris-attacks-n463306|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[William J. Bratton]], the [[New York City Police Commissioner]], said the Paris attacks have changed the way law enforcement deals with security.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/bratton-says-attacks-will-force-law-enforcement-to-change-tactics/|title=New York City Police Commissioner Says Attacks Will Force Changes in Tactics|author=J. David Goodman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115220821/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/bratton-says-attacks-will-force-law-enforcement-to-change-tactics/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore raised its national security alert level, stepping up border checks and security across the city-state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore raises alert level following Paris attacks: Shanmugam|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-raises-alert/2260170.html|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116023829/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-raises-alert/2260170.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Police and military authorities in [[Manila]] were placed on full alert in preparation for the [[APEC Philippines 2015|APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Calica|first1=Aurea|title=Noy vows highest security for APEC|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/15/1521955/noy-vows-highest-security-apec|access-date=15 November 2015|work=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114203417/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/15/1521955/noy-vows-highest-security-apec|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>