Mariah Carey Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Cultural status == === Public image === Carey has been called a [[pop icon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|title=Mariah Carey Might Be As Close to Pop Perfection As Pop Will Ever Allow|access-date=March 4, 2021|website=Vulture Magazine|date=December 8, 2020|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218040342/https://www.vulture.com/2020/12/mariah-carey-mc30-meaning-of-mariah-essay.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|title=Forever Mariah: An Interview With an Icon|work=Pitchfork|date=November 28, 2018|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107043251/https://pitchfork.com/features/interview/forever-mariah-an-interview-with-an-icon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|title=The Sweet Fantasy of the Female Pop Star|access-date=March 4, 2021|magazine=The New Republic|date=October 9, 2020|last=Livingstone|first=Jo|archive-date=February 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210201301/https://newrepublic.com/article/159685/sweet-fantasy-female-pop-star|url-status=live}}</ref> and has been labeled a "[[diva]]" for her stardom and persona.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9|title=20 of Mariah Carey's wildest and most diva moments|work=Insider|date=July 15, 2019|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111746/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-careys-craziest-moments-2017-9#when-she-subtly-dissed-madonna-1|url-status=live}}</ref> She said, "I have had diva moments, and then people can't handle it. I guess it's a little intense, because I come from a true diva: My mother is an opera singer. And that's a real diva, you know—Juilliard diva. And I mean it as a compliment, or I wouldn't be the person I am without experiencing that."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/whatson-story/7513645-mariah-carey-gets-diva-nature-from-her-mom/|title=Mariah Carey gets diva nature from her mom|work=[[Brampton Guardian]]|location=Ontario, Canada|date=August 21, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710102416/https://www.bramptonguardian.com/whatson-story/7513645-mariah-carey-gets-diva-nature-from-her-mom/|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's fanbase is known as the "[[List of fandom names|Lambily]]", a [[portmanteau]] of "lamb" and "family".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/12/17/mariah-careys-devoted-lambily-celebrate-justiceforglitter|title=Mariah Carey's Devoted Lambily Celebrate #JusticeForGlitter|access-date=July 20, 2021|magazine=The New Yorker|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513123751/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/12/17/mariah-careys-devoted-lambily-celebrate-justiceforglitter|url-status=live}}</ref> With over 10 million followers as of April 2013, Carey is one of the most popular musicians on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/19/twitter-music-app-100-most-followed-musicians|title=The 100 most popular musicians on Twitter: get the full list|access-date=April 21, 2023|magazine=The Guardian|date=April 19, 2013|last=|first=|archive-date=April 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404191313/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/19/twitter-music-app-100-most-followed-musicians|url-status=live}}</ref> Her fans are credited with originating the internet term "[[Stan Twitter|skinny legend]]", used as a form of praise and endearment for their idol.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/skinny-legend-is-the-highest-praise-you-can-give-on-the-internet-right-now|title='Skinny Legend' Is the Highest Praise You Can Give on the Internet Right Now|access-date=April 21, 2023|magazine=Daily Beast|date=April 12, 2016|last=Lorenz|first=Taylor|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.thedailybeast.com/skinny-legend-is-the-highest-praise-you-can-give-on-the-internet-right-now|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Carey was named one of ''Time''{{'}}s [[Time 100|100 most influential artists and entertainers in the world]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735744,00.html|title=The 2008 TIME 100|access-date=April 12, 2021|magazine=Time|date=May 12, 2008|last=Wonder|first=Stevie|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506062802/https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735744,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0,29569,1733748,00.html|title=Complete List – The 2008 TIME 100|magazine=Time|access-date=April 12, 2021|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506093550/https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/completelist/0,29569,1733748,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Now (newspaper)|NOW]]'' writer [[Kevin Hegge]] agreed that "Carey's influence is indisputable".<ref name="NOWMC1">{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|website=Now|access-date=April 12, 2021|title=Have We Been Underestimating Mariah Carey?|date=November 29, 2018|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412095413/https://nowtoronto.com/music/features/mariah-carey-caution-comeback|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey GMA 2005.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Carey performing "[[We Belong Together]]" on ''[[Good Morning America]]'' in 2005]] Her style has often been described as "eccentric" and "over the top".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|title=Mariah Carey's Ex Drops Some Major Truth Bombs About the Notorious Diva|date=May 27, 2015|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421191840/https://www.redbookmag.com/life/news/a22238/mariah-careys-ex-breaks-his-silence-about-what-the-pop-star-is-really-like/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/mariah-careys-fabulous-birthday-advice-3470650|title=Mariah Carey's fabulous birthday advice: "Don't round up, round down, darling"|website=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=April 28, 2014|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/mariah-careys-fabulous-birthday-advice-3470650|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |title=Make Your Own Iconic Mariah Carey Album Title |last=Macsai |first=Dan |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 1, 2014 |access-date=May 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502151600/http://time.com/84645/mariah-carey-album-title-generator/ |archive-date=May 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Writer Noah Berlatsky noted that "Carey has always reveled in uber-feminine, girly imagery", with her album titles such as ''Butterfly'', ''Rainbow'', ''Glitter'' and ''Charmbracelet'' being prime examples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ravishly.com/2015/05/01/subversive-gender-message-mariah-careys-latest-music-video|title=The Subversive Gender Message In Mariah Carey's Latest Music Video|date=May 1, 2015|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190339/https://ravishly.com/2015/05/01/subversive-gender-message-mariah-careys-latest-music-video|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/could-mariah-carey-be-more-girly-668008|title=Could Mariah Carey BE more girly?|website=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=February 2, 2012|access-date=April 21, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421190338/https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/could-mariah-carey-be-more-girly-668008|url-status=live}}</ref> In her memoir, she stated, "I refuse to acknowledge time. (...) Not living based on time became a way to hold on to myself, to keep close and keep alive that inner child of mine. It's why I gravitate toward enduring characters like [[Santa Claus]], the [[Tooth fairy|Tooth Fairy]] and [[Tinker Bell]]. They remind me we can be timeless."<ref>Carey and Davis, preface</ref> Tom Breihan of ''[[Stereogum]]'' wrote in 2015 that "decades from now, we will be looking back at Mariah Carey as one of the most gloriously batshit pop stars of all time."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1797944/mariah-careys-best-friend-is-a-dolphin/news/|title=Mariah Carey's Best Friend Is A Dolphin|date=April 29, 2015|access-date=April 19, 2023|archive-date=April 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420003638/https://www.stereogum.com/1797944/mariah-careys-best-friend-is-a-dolphin/news/|url-status=live}}</ref> As the biggest pop star in music by the mid-1990s, Carey's "first years as a pop star were extraordinarily fruitful but restrictive".<ref name="TBBMC">{{Cite web|url=https://theboombox.com/20-years-ago-mariah-carey-reinvents-herself-with-butterfly/|title=20 Years Ago: Mariah Carey Reinvents Herself With 'Butterfly'|access-date=November 24, 2020|website=The Boombox|date=September 16, 2017|archive-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025052254/https://theboombox.com/20-years-ago-mariah-carey-reinvents-herself-with-butterfly/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1990s, after separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a more provocative and less conservative image than had been previously seen and began wearing more revealing clothes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fame10.com/entertainment/11-female-former-music-sex-symbols-from-the-90s/|title=11 (Female) Former Music Sex Symbols From The 90s|work=Fame10|date=June 13, 2014|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420210453/https://www.fame10.com/entertainment/11-female-former-music-sex-symbols-from-the-90s/|url-status=live}}</ref> She has since been described as a [[sex symbol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|title=The 100 Hottest Female Singers of All Time|work=Complex|date=December 10, 2012|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=April 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422202531/https://www.complex.com/music/2012/12/the-100-hottest-female-singers-of-all-time/lisa-loeb|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer mentions [[Marilyn Monroe]] as one of her biggest idols and her "beauty icon", and she referenced Monroe in some of her music videos, such as "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)|I Still Believe]]" or "[[Don't Forget About Us]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/a-history-of-famous-women-whove-imitated-marilyn-monroe/4|title=A History of Famous Women Who've Imitated Marilyn Monroe|first=Tara|last=Aquino|date=November 14, 2011|access-date=June 4, 2021|magazine=Complex|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604213155/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/11/a-history-of-famous-women-whove-imitated-marilyn-monroe/4|url-status=live}}</ref> Her album ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' has been credited for revamping Carey's image as a pop star where she began to embrace [[hip hop]] and [[R&B]] themes and fully come into her own self, resulting in [[butterflies]] becoming a metaphorical symbol of her impact and legacy upon pop and R&B music.<ref name="TBBMC"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/12/arts/critic-s-notebook-in-the-pop-kingdom-flying-is-the-reigning-metaphor.html|title=Critic's Notebook; In the Pop Kingdom, Flying Is the Reigning Metaphor|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=The New York Times|date=November 12, 1997|last=Strauss|first=Neil|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721204925/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/12/arts/critic-s-notebook-in-the-pop-kingdom-flying-is-the-reigning-metaphor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 2000s, Carey was a "tabloid fixture" and her [[Glitter (soundtrack)#Controversies|public breakdown]] during the promotion of her 2001 film, ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', became the "stuff of tabloid legend" according to Justin Curto, writer for ''[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]''.<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|title=10 Shocking Stories From Mariah Carey's Memoir|access-date=April 12, 2021|website=Vulture|date=September 30, 2020|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410235026/https://www.vulture.com/2020/09/the-meaning-of-mariah-carey-book-best-stories.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Her return to prominence in 2005 with the album ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' is regarded as one of the greatest musical comebacks in history.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-interview-the-emancipation-of-mimi-anniversary-9356111/|title=Mariah Carey on Why 2005's Iconic 'The Emancipation of Mimi' LP Was 'More Than a Comeback Album'|access-date=April 19, 2023|magazine=Billboard|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175029/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/mariah-carey-interview-the-emancipation-of-mimi-anniversary-9356111/|url-status=live}}</ref> After joining ''[[American Idol (season 12)|American Idol]]'' as a judge for the twelfth season, Carey became [[List of highest paid American television stars|one of the highest paid American television stars ever]].<ref name="Spin Magazine">{{cite web|last=Maloney|first=Devon|title=Mariah Carey's $18 Million 'Idol' Deal: How Does it Measure Up to Stars' TV Paydays?|url=http://www.spin.com/2012/07/mariah-careys-18-million-idol-deal-how-does-it-measure-stars-tv-paydays/|website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|access-date=July 4, 2017|date=July 24, 2012|archive-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621231852/http://www.spin.com/2012/07/mariah-careys-18-million-idol-deal-how-does-it-measure-stars-tv-paydays/|url-status=live}}</ref> Emilia Petrarca of ''[[W (magazine)|W]]'' stated that "Carey is uber-cautious about cultivating her public image" but that when it comes to style, she is "more do than don't".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/25-reasons-why-were-so-obsessed-with-mariah-carey-style|title=25 Reasons Why We're So Obsessed With Mariah Carey's Style|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=W|date=March 27, 2017|archive-date=June 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620140639/https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/25-reasons-why-were-so-obsessed-with-mariah-carey-style|url-status=live}}</ref> Several media outlets have called Carey the "Queen of [[throw shade|Shade]]".<ref name="nickiswiftMC1"/> When asked about American singer [[Jennifer Lopez]] in a German TV interview, Carey's response was, "[[I don't know her]]".<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref name="nickiswiftMC1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nickiswift.com/166046/what-really-went-down-with-jennifer-lopez-and-mariah-carey/|title=What Really Went Down With Jennifer Lopez And Mariah Carey?|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=Nicki Swift|date=September 13, 2019|archive-date=September 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928211342/https://www.nickiswift.com/166046/what-really-went-down-with-jennifer-lopez-and-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> The clip became a viral [[internet meme]] and has been brought up in many other interviews with both of the singers.<ref name="NOWMC1"/><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/mariah-carey-i-dont-know-her-meme|title=The Summer That "I Don't Know Her" Became the Most Crushing Celebrity Shade|access-date=July 20, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=September 9, 2016|archive-date=August 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805012911/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/mariah-carey-i-dont-know-her-meme|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialitelife.com/mariah-carey-explains-that-viral-i-dont-know-her-meme-about-jennifer-lopez/|title=Mariah Carey Explains That Viral 'I Don't Know Her' Meme About Jennifer Lopez|access-date=July 20, 2021|website=Socialite Life|date=November 29, 2018|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151626/https://socialitelife.com/mariah-carey-explains-that-viral-i-dont-know-her-meme-about-jennifer-lopez/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the release of "[[Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)|Obsessed]]", critics heavily compared its lyrics to [[Eminem]] who had negatively referenced her several times in songs, and suggested Carey alluded to him and his 'obsession' with her.<ref name=obsessed1>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-impersonates-eminem-on-tiktok-for-obsessed-anniversary-2973249|title=Mariah Carey impersonates Eminem on TikTok for 'Obsessed' anniversary|work=NME|access-date=July 20, 2021|date=June 18, 2021|first=Shaheem|last=Reid|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720151848/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mariah-carey-impersonates-eminem-on-tiktok-for-obsessed-anniversary-2973249|url-status=live}}</ref> "Obsessed" never mentions the rapper's name, although reviewers felt it to be very obvious.<ref name=obsessed2>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1280864/mariah-carey-throws-shade-at-eminem-while-celebrating-obsessed-anniversary|title=Mariah Carey Throws Shade at Eminem While Celebrating "Obsessed" Anniversary|work=E!|access-date=July 20, 2020|date=June 17, 2021|first=Kisha|last=Forde|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724114639/https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1280864/mariah-carey-throws-shade-at-eminem-while-celebrating-obsessed-anniversary|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, Carey played a role that resembled the rapper in the song's accompanying music video.<ref name=obsessed>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614088/mariah-careys-obsessed-directed-at-eminem.jhtml|title=Is Mariah Carey's 'Obsessed' Directed At Eminem?|work=MTV News|access-date=August 13, 2011|date=June 30, 2009|first=Shaheem|last=Reid|archive-date=October 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020164455/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614088/mariah-careys-obsessed-directed-at-eminem.jhtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to her large gay fanbase, Carey is recognized as a [[gay icon]] and her song "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" is regarded as an [[gay anthem|anthem]] among the gay community as it touches upon themes of embracing individuality and overcoming self-doubt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|title=The Heroism of Mariah Carey|work=The Rainbow Times|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712141804/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/heroism-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Carey herself, a lot of her gay fans admitted to also be growing up listening to her song "Outside" and relating to the feeling of isolation and unfitting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://the97.net/featured/the-butterfly-effect-mariah-discovers-the-art-of-letting-go/|title=THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT: MARIAH DISCOVERS THE ART OF LETTING GO|work=The 97|date=October 9, 2014|access-date=June 6, 2021|archive-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605222904/https://the97.net/featured/the-butterfly-effect-mariah-discovers-the-art-of-letting-go/|url-status=live}}</ref> Her diva persona has also given her much admiration from gay fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|title=How the Gay Icon in Music Has Evolved Since Mariah Carey|work=Vice|date=July 29, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710111024/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rnw8jq/how-the-gay-icon-in-music-has-evolved|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey was honored by [[GLAAD]] in 2016 with the GLAAD Ally Award for which she expressed gratitude to her LGBT+ fans. In her speech she thanked the community, "For the unconditional love ... I wish all of you love, peace, [and] harmony".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mic.com/articles/143485/mariah-carey-just-explained-what-lgbtq-truly-stands-for-at-glaad-media-awards|title=Mariah Carey Just Explained What LGBTQ Truly Stands For at GLAAD Media Awards|work=Mic|date=May 15, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815055041/https://www.mic.com/articles/143485/mariah-carey-just-explained-what-lgbtq-truly-stands-for-at-glaad-media-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> Fashion has also been a part of Carey's image.<ref name="Grazia">{{Cite web|url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/trends/mariah-carey-1990s-style/|title=Mariah Carey's 1990s Outfits Are Actually A Brilliant Source Of Style Inspiration|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=Grazia|date=April 10, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113191650/https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/trends/mariah-carey-1990s-style/|url-status=live}}</ref> She was cited a [[fashion icons|fashion icon]] by ''[[Insider Inc.|Insider]]'' writer Susanna Heller who added that "her decadent closet spans multiple rooms and is full of designer clothing, lingerie, shoes, and accessories".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=Insider|title=43 Pictures that Show Mariah Carey's Glamorous Style Evolution|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111812/https://www.businessinsider.com/mariah-carey-style-evolution-2018-3|url-status=live}}</ref> ''CR Fashion Book'' writer Shepherd also stated that while her "sartorial aesthetic has shifted here and there ..., the music icon largely favors sexy, skin-baring, and often bedazzled looks.<ref name="CRFBMC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g26961358/mariah-carey-style-evolution/|title=Mariah Carey's Style Evolution|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=CR Fashion Book|date=March 27, 2019|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423001753/https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g26961358/mariah-carey-style-evolution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During her tours, she has frequently worn [[Jimmy Choo (company)|Jimmy Choo]] and [[Christian Louboutin]] high-end [[Stilletto heel|stiletto]] footwear,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/au/news/876638/take-a-look-inside-mariah-carey-s-enviable-closet|title=Take a Look Inside Mariah Carey's Enviable Closet|publisher=E!|date=August 29, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710102413/https://www.eonline.com/au/news/876638/take-a-look-inside-mariah-carey-s-enviable-closet|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as [[leotard]]s, [[corset]]s, and [[fishnet]] tights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/mariah-carey-gym-look-fishnets-heels|title=Only Mariah Carey Could Get Away with Wearing This to the Gym|work=InStyle|date=February 3, 2017|access-date=July 5, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710110904/https://www.instyle.com/news/mariah-carey-gym-look-fishnets-heels|url-status=live}}</ref> Laura Antonia Jordan of ''[[Grazia]]'' called Carey fashion "royalty" and stated that in the 1990s, her go-to looks were "super-tight silhouettes, cropped tops, thigh-grazing hemlines and dangerously high slits."<ref name="Grazia"/> Carey has also been credited for beginning the trend of wearing [[low-rise pants|low-rise jeans]] in the early 2000s, after cutting off the [[waistband]] of the [[denim]] she wore for the music video of "Heartbreaker", which have since been described as "iconic".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/mariah-carey-jeans|title=How One Influencer Recreated Mariah Carey's Waistless Low-Rise Jeans With Help From Elvis Presley's Tailor|work=Vogue|date=December 4, 2021|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131500/https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/mariah-carey-jeans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-ended-wearing-those-182424619.html|title=This is how Mariah Carey ended up wearing those iconic jeans in the 'Heartbreaker" video|agency=Yahoo!|date=August 27, 2017|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131458/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/mariah-carey-ended-wearing-those-182424619.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/celebrity/a12114504/mariah-carey-heartbreaker-jeans/|title=Mariah Carey still has the jeans she wore in the Heartbreaker video|magazine=Cosmopolitan|date=August 29, 2017|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423134502/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/celebrity/a12114504/mariah-carey-heartbreaker-jeans/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' writer [[Christian Allaire]] stated that in the latter half of her career, Carey has "rarely hit without her evening [[gowns]], often embellished with crystals, sequins, or feathers."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/mariah-carey-christmas-special-2020|title=A Closer Look At Mariah Carey's Festive, Fabulous Fashion For Her Holiday Special|magazine=Vogue|date=December 5, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131500/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/gallery/mariah-carey-christmas-special-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Queen of Christmas === {{see also|All I Want for Christmas Is You#Legacy}} [[File:Mariah_Carey - All I Want for Christmas Is You (2).jpg|thumb|Carey performing "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" at the 2013 [[National Christmas Tree (United States)|National Christmas Tree Lighting]] event in [[Washington, D.C.]]]] "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", as well as its parent album ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]'', have become such a ubiquitous part of wider popular culture that Carey's name became synonymous with the season, and she has since been dubbed the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Christmas]]".<ref name="vogue.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|first=Michelle|last=Ruiz|title=The Enduring Magic of Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You"|magazine=Vogue|date=December 23, 2015|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=November 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128193559/https://www.vogue.com/article/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-analysis|url-status=live}}</ref> Both the song and album have been hailed as being "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon" by publications such as ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/03/on-top|title=On Top|last=Frere-Jones|first=Sasha|magazine=The New Yorker|date=March 27, 2006|access-date=June 15, 2019|issn=0028-792X|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711053617/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/03/on-top|url-status=live}}</ref> Speaking to [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']] in 2015, [[Elvis Duran]] stated that the song's appeal was based on the fact that it was "a modern song that could actually have been a hit back in the '40s", praising its "timeless, classic quality".<ref name="vogue.com"/> The success of the song, in particular, has led Carey to build what [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] described as a "growing holiday mini-empire".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8031430/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-movie|title=Mariah Carey Reflects on 'All I Want for Christmas Is You' and Her Growing Holiday Mini-Empire|first=Deborah|last=Wilker|date=November 13, 2017|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 15, 2019|archive-date=June 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616031231/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8031430/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-movie|url-status=live}}</ref> Multiple media sources have referred to Carey as a modern holiday icon.<ref name="billboard.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|title=Mariah Carey's Christmas Looks: See All Her Best Outfits|magazine=Billboard|date=December 20, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423024307/https://www.billboard.com/photos/mariah-carey-christmas-outfits-gallery-9501092/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|title=how mariah carey became the queen of christmas|work=Vice|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/a3gqkz/how-mariah-carey-became-the-queen-of-christmas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|title=Mariah Carey reveals lavish holiday plans with her kids - and they're so extra|work=Hello!|date=November 26, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131501/https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/mother-and-baby/20221126158126/mariah-carey-reveals-lavish-christmas-plans-with-family/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|title=It's Mariah Season, Darling|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=November 25, 2022|access-date=April 23, 2023|archive-date=April 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423131459/https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/mariah-carey-cover-interview-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The singer has often incorporated holiday-themed outfits during her Christmas shows and music videos. ''Billboard'' noted that "each year, her reign gets grander and more festive. (...) Over the years, [Carey] has rocked nearly every shade of red for the season's fashions, from plunging gowns and floor-length coats to ensembles inspired by Santa, [[Mrs. Claus]] and ''[[The Nutcracker]]''{{'s}} [[nutcracker doll|toy soldiers]]. She's also a pro at pulling off winter white, whether she's wearing a snow-white dress covered in crystals or a fluffy hood tailor-made for keeping the December chill at bay."<ref name="billboard.com"/> Due to the song's ongoing popularity, as well as [[social media]] [[meme]]s that show retail workers' disdain for the song due to its frequent airplay at their jobs (which sometimes require the round-the-clock display of Christmas music), Carey has taken advantage of this by posting a video on her social media every year since 2019 around midnight [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern time]] on November 1, announcing that "it's time" to play the song.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | title=Mariah Carey says her new Christmas book is for 'all the people who have ever felt othered' | newspaper=[[USA Today]] | access-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082658/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2022/11/01/mariah-carey-interview-christmas/10647037002/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Peloton>{{cite web | url=https://jezebel.com/mariah-carey-is-back-on-a-peloton-to-capitalize-on-yo-1849731538 | title=Mariah Carey is Back (On a Peloton) to Capitalize on Your Holiday Cheer | date=November 2, 2022 | access-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082658/https://jezebel.com/mariah-carey-is-back-on-a-peloton-to-capitalize-on-yo-1849731538 | url-status=live }}</ref> Carey initially renounced the title, saying that "to me, [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mother Mary]] is the Queen of Christmas".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-announces-set-of-christmas-concerts-in-nyc-and-toronto/|title=Mariah Carey Sets 2022 Christmas Concerts in N.Y.C. and Toronto: 'Excited to Be Back on Stage'|last=Rice|first=Nicholas|date=December 24, 2021|magazine=People|access-date=May 29, 2023|archive-date=May 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153627/https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-announces-set-of-christmas-concerts-in-nyc-and-toronto/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/mariah-carey-never-called-myself-003613918.html|title=Mariah Carey: 'I never called myself the Queen of Christmas'|last=Portée|first=Alex|date=December 9, 2022|magazine=Yahoo|access-date=May 29, 2023|archive-date=May 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153628/https://news.yahoo.com/mariah-carey-never-called-myself-003613918.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, in March 2021, she attempted to trademark the phrase "Queen of Christmas", which received backlash from singers [[Darlene Love]] and Elizabeth Chan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62564327|title=Mariah Carey 'Queen of Christmas' trademark attempt prompts backlash|agency=BBC News|date=August 16, 2022|access-date=December 11, 2022|archive-date=December 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211222404/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62564327|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2022, the [[Trademark Trial and Appeal Board]] rejected Carey's request.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137714601/mariah-carey-christmas-queen-trademark|title=Mariah Carey can't be the only 'Queen of Christmas,' the trademark agency rules|last=Treisman|first=Rachel|agency=[[NPR]]|date=November 18, 2022|access-date=December 15, 2022|archive-date=December 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214234049/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137714601/mariah-carey-christmas-queen-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> === Legacy === Carey's enduring popularity as a musician has received extensive recognition, with Anne Branigin from ''The Root'' commenting: "There's longevity, then there's Mariah Carey".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Branigin|first=Anne|date=December 17, 2019|title=All I Want For Christmas Is...the Bag: Mariah Carey's Holiday Staple Hits No. 1 on Billboard for First Time, New Music Video to Come|url=https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Root|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.theroot.com/all-i-want-for-christmas-is-the-bag-mariah-careys-ho-1840491759|url-status=live}}</ref> When reviewing her fifteenth studio album, ''Caution'', Eddino Hadi wrote, "In the last three decades since she made her debut, many female pop stars have scaled the heights that Carey has reached but very, very few have matched her longevity".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hadi|first=Eddino|date=November 21, 2018|title=Music review: Diva Mariah Carey ditches her signature vocal acrobatics in her latest album|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|access-date=April 19, 2023|website=The Straits Time|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419175030/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/music-review-diva-mariah-carey-ditches-her-signature-vocal-acrobatics-in-her|url-status=live}}</ref> She is the first artist to reach number-one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in the [[album era|physical]], [[music download|digital]] and [[streaming]] eras.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Molanphy|first=Chris|date=December 20, 2019|title=Why Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" Is Finally No. 1|url=https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|access-date=April 29, 2023|website=Slate|archive-date=December 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206022145/https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/mariah-carey-christmas-number-1-billboard-hot-100.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Carey's music has been recorded, performed or sampled by a variety of artists such as [[Aretha Franklin]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9900E6D9153EF936A35752C1A962958260|title=Pop Review; Playful Aretha Franklin Plumbs Roots of Soul|last=Holden|first=Stephen|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 5, 1994|access-date=April 12, 2011|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112216/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/05/arts/pop-review-playful-aretha-franklin-plumbs-roots-of-soul.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Patti LaBelle]],<ref name="vibe1">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|title=Kelly Rowland performs "Fantasy" in honor of Mariah Carey|magazine=Rap-Up|date=February 14, 2012|access-date=July 20, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724114947/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/02/14/kelly-rowland-performs-fantasy-in-honor-of-mariah-carey/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dolly Parton]],<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts|title=Dolly Parton Jingles In Atop Country & Holiday Album Charts: 'What a Great Early Christmas Present for Me!'|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023214708/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9463928/dolly-parton-new-christmas-album-debuts-atop-charts/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Luciano Pavarotti]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|title=The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Hero"|date=February 21, 2022|magazine=Stereogum|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412150111/https://www.stereogum.com/2176900/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-hero/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/carpool-karaoke-christmas-adele-rhcp-mariah-1916018|title=Watch Adele, Chris Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mariah Carey and more in 'Carpool Karaoke' Christmas special|date=December 16, 2016|magazine=NME|access-date=December 16, 2016|archive-date=September 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927175721/https://www.nme.com/news/music/carpool-karaoke-christmas-adele-rhcp-mariah-1916018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shania Twain]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10CA9C2E810BD668&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Have Yourself a Carey Christmas|newspaper=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]|date=December 18, 2009|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=October 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025172910/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10CA9C2E810BD668&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Michael Ball]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000IB0CVI|title=Ancora|website=Amazon|access-date=November 10, 2010|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115112216/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000IB0CVI|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ariana Grande]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2013/06/ariana-grande-covers-mariah-careys-emotions/|title=Ariana Grande Covers Mariah Carey's 'Emotions'|date=June 3, 2013|magazine=That Grape Juice|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142841/https://thatgrapejuice.net/2013/06/ariana-grande-covers-mariah-careys-emotions/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bryson Tiller]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2017/02/15/jermaine-dupri-talks-mariah-carey-album-bryson-tiller-collaboration/|title=Exclusive: Jermaine Dupri Talks Mariah Carey Album, Bryson Tiller Collaboration|date=February 15, 2017|magazine=Rap-up|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142839/https://www.rap-up.com/2017/02/15/jermaine-dupri-talks-mariah-carey-album-bryson-tiller-collaboration/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Drake (musician)|Drake]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-shows-love-drake-emotions-sample-scorpion-8463626/|title=Mariah Carey Shows Love to Drake After Rapper Samples 'Emotions' on 'Scorpion' Track|date=July 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142840/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-shows-love-drake-emotions-sample-scorpion-8463626/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fifth Harmony]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-fifth-harmony-like-mariah-trending-140/|title=Mariah Carey Likes 'Like Mariah,' Boosting Fifth Harmony to No. 1 on Trending 140|date=February 4, 2015|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2023|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429142838/https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-fifth-harmony-like-mariah-trending-140/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sigala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/hits-radio/entertainment/music/sigala-collaborations/|title=Sigala's biggest collaborations: From 'Sweet Lovin' to 'Feels This Good'|access-date=April 30, 2023|website=Radio Hits|last=Marriott|first=William|date=April 24, 2023|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212192154/https://planetradio.co.uk/hits-radio/entertainment/music/sigala-collaborations/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2019 film ''[[Always Be My Maybe (2019 film)|Always Be My Maybe]]'' was a play-on-words of Carey's 1996 single "[[Always Be My Baby]]", which was used as the movie's theme song.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Netflix|title=Always Be My Maybe {{!}} Trailer {{!}} Netflix|date=May 16, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHBcWHY9lN4|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=January 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114133807/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHBcWHY9lN4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Carey at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] during the making of the "[[I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)#Mariah Carey version|I Still Believe]]" music video in December 1998]] Carey has also been credited for her role in breaking down racial barriers in popular culture and facilitating public discourse surrounding [[multiracialism]] during the 1990s. Brittany Luse from ''[[New York (magazine)|Vulture]]'' wrote that Carey "rose to fame as public conversations about multiracial identity were expanding in the early '90s', noting that the singer "became something of an avatar for biracial identity, a validating presence for some and a source of both curiosity and discomfort for others". Luse concluded that "Carey's experience of fame could have happened only once; her stardom punched a hole in the sky. Her career matured as current conversations about mixed identity were still forming and while the passing narratives of the past, both brilliant and clumsy, had yet to fade from pop-cultural memory. There was a time when she might have been considered the most famous mixed person of Black and white parentage in America, but now the field's far more crowded".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luse |first=Brittany |date=October 18, 2021 |title=The Fiction of the Color Line |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/mariah-carey-nella-larsen-passing.html |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Vulture |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831065016/https://www.vulture.com/article/mariah-carey-nella-larsen-passing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In her book ''Tragic No More: Mixed-Race Women and the Nexus of Sex and Celebrity'', Caroline A. Streeter, an associate professor at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], also described Carey as one of the "ideal figures through which to consider the [[Post–civil rights era in African-American history|post-Civil Rights]] era's apparent rehabilitation and transformation of the mulatto/a into a biracial subject of representation".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Streeter |first=Caroline A. |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22638 |title=Tragic No More: Mixed-Race Women and the Nexus of Sex and Celebrity |date=2012 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=978-1-61376-225-7 |location=Amherst |access-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831073328/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/22638 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Vocal influence ==== Carey's vocal style, as well as her singing ability, have significantly impacted popular and contemporary music. She has been considered one of the greatest vocalists. As music critic G. Brown from ''[[The Denver Post]]'' wrote, "For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic style have influenced a generation of pop singers."<ref name="DKTHK"/> According to [[Stevie Wonder]], "When people talk about the great influential singers, they talk about [[Aretha Franklin|Aretha]], [[Whitney Houston|Whitney]] and Mariah. That's a testament to her talent. Her range is that amazing."<ref name="vibe">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+rainbow&pg=PA260-IA6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428062350/https://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&q=mariah+carey+rainbow&pg=PA260-IA6|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 28, 2021|title=Mariah Carey 'Rainbow'|last=Linden|first=Amy|magazine=Vibe|date=December 12, 1999|access-date=March 6, 2011}}</ref> Carey has inspired singers and songwriters all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/09/14/1368802/mariahs-influence-todays-artists|title=Mariah's Influence on Today's Artists|access-date=December 1, 2020|website=Phil Star|archive-date=April 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429123856/https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2014/09/14/1368802/mariahs-influence-todays-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> In a review of her ''[[Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)|Greatest Hits]]'' album, [[Devon Powers]] of ''[[PopMatters]]'' writes that "She has influenced countless female vocalists after her. At 32, she is already a [[Living legend (person)|living legend]]—even if she never sings another note."<ref name="zefCx"/> {{Listen|filename=Visionoflove.ogg|title="Vision of Love" (1990)|description="[[Vision of Love]]" is credited with revolutionizing the usage of distinguished vocal stylings, predominantly the practice of [[melisma]], and effectively influencing virtually every female R&B performer since the 1990s.<ref name=RollingStone-Nov2008>{{cite magazine|title=The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=November 12, 2008|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|access-date=August 14, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027102514/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-date=October 27, 2011}}</ref>}} Multiple media sources referred to Carey as the "Queen of Melisma".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|title=Killing me softly with their self-indulgenc|date=June 11, 2006|website=The Age|access-date=April 19, 2023|archive-date=July 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723140502/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = How Many Octaves Can Mariah Carey Sing? She's Got One Of The Widest Vocal Ranges In Music|date = April 14, 2015|url = https://www.bustle.com/articles/76348-how-many-octaves-can-mariah-carey-sing-shes-got-one-of-the-widest-vocal-ranges-in|publisher = Kristie Rohwedder|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = April 17, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150417203224/https://www.bustle.com/articles/76348-how-many-octaves-can-mariah-carey-sing-shes-got-one-of-the-widest-vocal-ranges-in|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Killing me softly with their self-indulgence|date = June 11, 2006|url = https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = July 23, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190723140502/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/music/killing-me-softly-with-their-self-indulgence-20060611-ge2hyf.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title = The Most Memorable Super Bowl National Anthems|url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-most-memorable-super-bowl-national-anthems-10706/mariah-carey-2002-62617/|magazine = Rolling Stone|access-date = July 23, 2019|archive-date = September 26, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014541/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-most-memorable-super-bowl-national-anthems-10706/mariah-carey-2002-62617/|url-status = live}}</ref> According to ''Rolling Stone'', "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "[[Vision of Love]]", inspired the entire ''[[American Idol]]'' vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the Nineties."<ref name="great">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027102514/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/mariah-carey-19691231|archive-date=October 27, 2011|title=100 Greatest Singers of All Time – Mariah Carey|access-date=October 31, 2011|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=December 3, 2010}}</ref> Chart historian Tom Breihan chose "Vision of Love" as one of the chapters in his book ''The Number Ones: Twenty Chart-Topping Hits That Reveal the History of Pop Music'', stating that the song "set the stage for a whole decade of showy, pyrotechnic '90s R&B vocals. Carey created an environment where her disciples could flourish, and she did it by constructing "Vision Of Love" as a showcase for her voice".<ref>{{cite web|title = The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Vision of Love"|date = September 29, 2021|url = https://www.stereogum.com/2161924/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-vision-of-love/columns/the-number-ones/|publisher = Stereogum|access-date = September 29, 2021|archive-date = September 30, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210930060858/https://www.stereogum.com/2161924/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-vision-of-love/columns/the-number-ones/|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2008, Jody Rosen of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' wrote of Carey's influence in modern music, calling her the most influential vocal stylist of the last two decades, the person who made rococo melismatic singing.<ref name="slate.com">{{cite web|last=Rosen|first=Jody|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2190184/|title=Why The Haters Are Wrong About Mariah Carey|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=April 13, 2008|access-date=October 31, 2011|archive-date=August 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821020124/http://www.slate.com/id/2190184/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rosen further exemplified Carey's influence by drawing a parallel with ''American Idol'', which to her, "often played out as a clash of melisma-mad Mariah wannabes. And, today, nearly 20 years after Carey's debut, major labels continue to bet the farm on young stars such as the winner of Britain's ''[[The X Factor (British TV series)|X Factor]]'' show, [[Leona Lewis]], with her Generation Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."<ref name="slate.com"/> ''New York'' magazine's editor Roger Deckker further commented that "Whitney Houston may have introduced melisma (the vocally acrobatic style of lending a word an extra syllable or twenty) to the charts, but it was Mariah—with her jaw-dropping range—who made it into America's default sound." Deckker also added that "Every time you turn on ''American Idol'', you are watching her children."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16905/|title=The Most Influential People in Music|work=New York|date=May 7, 2006|access-date=October 31, 2011|archive-date=November 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126154020/http://nymag.com/news/features/influentials/16905/|url-status=live}}</ref> As Professor Katherine L. Meizel said in her book, ''The Mediation of Identity Politics in American Idol'', "Carey's influence [is] in the emulation of melisma or her singing amongst the wannabes, it's also her persona, her diva, her stardom which inspires them ... a pre-fame conic look."<ref name="rAqlU"/> With her ability to do runs, scats, and incredible control using [[whistle register]], Carey is credited with popularizing this technique in mainstream music, making her name synonymous with the term.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thethings.com/mariah-carey-and-other-singers-who-can-hit-a-whistle-note/|title=Mariah Carey & 9 Other Singers Who Can Hit A Whistle Note|work=The Things|date=May 6, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604213156/https://www.thethings.com/mariah-carey-and-other-singers-who-can-hit-a-whistle-note/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Popularizing remixes ==== The impact of Carey's artistry has helped popularize rappers as a featured act in pop music through her post-1995 songs. She has been called the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Remixes]]" by multiple media sources,<ref name="Staff">{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3114152/mariah-carey-remixes-a-no-no/|title=12 Essential Mariah Carey Cuts That Prove She's Queen Of The Remix|publisher=MTV News|access-date=June 16, 2019|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617114815/http://www.mtv.com/news/3114152/mariah-carey-remixes-a-no-no/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vh1.com/news/n5wfr5/mariah-carey-greatest-remixes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629102553/https://www.vh1.com/news/n5wfr5/mariah-carey-greatest-remixes|url-status=live|archive-date=June 29, 2022|title=10 Songs That Prove Mariah Carey is Queen of the Remix|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=VH1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/the-10-greatest-mariah-carey-remixes/|title=The 10 Greatest Mariah Carey Remixes|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=Slant Magazine|date=May 13, 2014|archive-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605035551/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/the-10-greatest-mariah-carey-remixes/|url-status=live}}</ref> with [[MTV]] writer, Princess Gabbara, noting that it is "no secret that [Carey] goes to great lengths to deliver a spectacular remix, often re-recording vocals, penning new lyrics, shooting new music videos, and recording different versions to satisfy pop, R&B, hip-hop, and EDM audiences".<ref name="Staff"/> Speaking to [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] in 2019 for a profile of Carey's career, [[David Morales]], who first collaborated with Carey on the ''Def Club Mix'' of her 1993 single "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]", commented on Carey's revolutionary role in the popularization of remixes: "Mariah opened up a whole other door, and not many people at that time were capable of that. When other big artists saw what I did with Mariah, they wanted that. She's how I got into the studio with [[Toni Braxton]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Seal (musician)|Seal]] and [[Donna Summer]]."<ref name="Staff"/> Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' commented, "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like [[Missy Elliott]] and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including [[Britney Spears]], [[NSYNC|'N Sync]] and [[Christina Aguilera]]—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B." Moreover, Jones concludes that "[Carey's] idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male MCs of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' suggests that it still belongs to Carey."<ref name="newyorker"/> Judnick Mayard, writer of ''The Fader'', wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey." Mayard also said that "To this day ODB and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time", citing that due to the record "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", "R&B and Hip-Hop were the best of step siblings."<ref name="thefader.com">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/01/14/suite903-rb-rejected-and-betrayed/|title=Suite903: R&B, Rejected and Betrayed|magazine=[[The Fader]]|last=Mayard|first=Judnick|date=January 4, 2009|access-date=November 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911150131/http://www.thefader.com/2011/01/14/suite903-rb-rejected-and-betrayed/|archive-date=September 11, 2011}}</ref> Kelefa Sanneh of ''The New York Times'' wrote, "In the mid-1990s Ms. Carey pioneered a subgenre that some people call the thug-love duet. Nowadays clean-cut pop stars are expected to collaborate with roughneck rappers, but when Ms. Carey teamed up with Ol' Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit remix of 'Fantasy', it was a surprise, and a smash."<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite news|title=The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|work=The New York Times|date=August 4, 2005|access-date=November 5, 2010|last=Sanneh|first=Kalefa|archive-date=May 10, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510132505/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page