Logic

====Propositional logic====
{{main|Propositional calculus}}
Propositional logic comprises formal systems in which formulae are built from [[atomic propositions]] using [[logical connectives]]. For instance, propositional logic represents the [[conjunction (logic)|conjunction]] of two atomic propositions <math>P</math> and <math>Q</math> as the complex formula <math>P \land Q</math>. Unlike predicate logic where terms and predicates are the smallest units, propositional logic takes full propositions with truth values as its most basic component.{{sfn |Brody |2006 |pp=535–536}} Thus, propositional logics can only represent logical relationships that arise from the way complex propositions are built from simpler ones. But it cannot represent inferences that result from the inner structure of a proposition.{{sfn |Klement|1995b}}