Fox News

===Climate change===
{{Further|Climate change denial|Media coverage of climate change}}
Fox News has often been described as a major platform for [[climate change denial]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/climate-challenged-society-9780199660117 |title=Climate-Challenged Society |last1=Dryzek |first1=John S. |last2=Norgaard |first2=Richard B. |last3=Schlosberg |first3=David |date=October 24, 2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19966-011-7 |location=Oxford, New York |page=31 |access-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111175146/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/climate-challenged-society-9780199660117?cc=us&lang=en& |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Climate Feedback-2018"/><ref name="Mann-2016">{{Cite book |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-madhouse-effect/9780231177863 |title=The Madhouse Effect: How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet, Destroying Our Politics, and Driving Us Crazy |last1=Mann |first1=Michael E. |last2=Toles |first2=Tom |date=2016 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-23154-181-7 |access-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127220655/http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-madhouse-effect/9780231177863 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Powell-2011">{{Cite book |url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-inquisition-of-climate-science/9780231157193 |title=The Inquisition of Climate Science |last=Powell |first=James Lawrence |author-link=James L. Powell |date=2011 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-23152-784-2 |page=177 |access-date=May 25, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230001228/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-inquisition-of-climate-science/9780231157193 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the [[fact-checking]] website [[Climate Feedback]], Fox News is part of "a network of unreliable outlets for climate news."<ref name="Climate Feedback-2018">{{Cite web |url=https://climatefeedback.org/false-claims-coming-ice-age-ecosystem-unreliable-news-sites-blogs-social-media-accounts/ |title=False claims of a coming ice age spread through ecosystem of unreliable news sites, blogs, and social media accounts |date=November 21, 2018 |website=Climate Feedback |access-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108152253/https://climatefeedback.org/false-claims-coming-ice-age-ecosystem-unreliable-news-sites-blogs-social-media-accounts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2011 study by Lauren Feldman and [[Anthony Leiserowitz]] found Fox News "takes a more dismissive tone toward climate change than CNN and MSNBC".<ref name="Feldman-2012">{{cite journal|last1=Feldman|first1=Lauren|last2=Leiserowitz|first2=Anthony|last3=Maibach|first3=Edward W.|last4=Roser-Renouf|first4=Connie|date=January 1, 2012|url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/afc0/8168de6abb77c29c4e997f7f83c828797388.pdf|title=Climate on Cable|journal=The International Journal of Press/Politics|volume=17|issue=1|pages=3–31|doi=10.1177/1940161211425410|s2cid=53482752|issn=1940-1612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303050627/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/afc0/8168de6abb77c29c4e997f7f83c828797388.pdf|archive-date=March 3, 2019|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> A 2008 study found Fox News emphasized the scientific uncertainty of climate change more than CNN, was less likely to say climate change was real, and more likely to interview climate change skeptics.<ref name="Feldman-2012"/> Leaked emails showed that in 2009 [[Bill Sammon]], the Fox News Washington managing editor, instructed Fox News journalists to dispute the [[scientific consensus on climate change]] and "refrain from asserting that the planet has warmed (or cooled) in any given period without IMMEDIATELY pointing out that such theories are based upon data that critics have called into question."<ref>{{Cite book |title=From Corporate to Social Media: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility in Media and Communication Industries |last=Sandoval |first=Marisol |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-41572-256-8}}</ref>

According to climate scientist [[Michael E. Mann]], Fox News "has constructed an alternative universe where the laws of physics no longer apply, where the [[greenhouse effect]] is a myth, and where climate change is a hoax, the product of a massive conspiracy among scientists, who somehow have gotten the polar bears, glaciers, sea levels, superstorms, and megadroughts to play along."<ref name="Mann-2016"/> According to [[James Lawrence Powell]]'s 2011 study of the [[climate science denial]] movement, Fox News provides "the deniers with a platform to say whatever they like without fear of contradiction."<ref name="Powell-2011"/> Fox News employs [[Steve Milloy]], a prominent [[climate change denier]] with close financial and organizational ties to oil companies, as a contributor. In his columns about climate change for ''FoxNews.com'', Fox News has failed to disclose his substantial funding from oil companies.<ref name="handful">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/merchantsofdoubt00ores |url-access=registration |title=Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming |last1=Oreskes |first1=Naomi |author1-link=Naomi Oreskes |last2=Conway |first2=Erik M. |date=2010 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-60819-293-9}}</ref>

In 2011, the hosts of ''Fox & Friends'' described climate change as "unproven science", a "disputed fact", and criticized the [[United States Department of Education|Department of Education]] for working together with the children's network [[Nickelodeon]] to teach children about climate change.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/fox-friends-hosts-slam-spongebob-220459 |title=''Fox & Friends'' Slam SpongeBob SquarePants' 'Global Warming Agenda' (Video) |first=Kimberly |last=Nordyke |date=August 8, 2011 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=February 9, 2018 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101023019/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/fox-friends-hosts-slam-spongebob-220459 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2001, Sean Hannity described the [[scientific consensus on climate change]] as "phony science from the left".<ref name="McKnight-2010">{{Cite journal |last=McKnight |first=David |date=December 1, 2010 |title=A change in the climate? The journalism of opinion at News Corporation |journal=Journalism  |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=693–706 |doi=10.1177/1464884910379704 |s2cid=144001549 |issn=1464-8849}}</ref> In 2004, he falsely alleged that "scientists still can't agree on whether the global warming is scientific fact or fiction".<ref name="McKnight-2010"/> In 2010, Hannity said the so-called [[Climatic Research Unit email controversy|"Climategate"]] – the leaking of e-mails by climate scientist that climate change skeptics claimed demonstrated scientific misconduct but which all subsequent enquiries have found no evidence of misconduct or wrongdoing – a "scandal" that "exposed global warming as a myth cooked up by alarmists".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-07-11/news/ct-oped-0711-page-20100711_1_climate-change-scientific-journals-scientists |title=Climate change heats up again |first=Clarence |last=Page |date=July 11, 2010 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716024224/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-07-11/news/ct-oped-0711-page-20100711_1_climate-change-scientific-journals-scientists |archive-date=July 16, 2010}}</ref> Hannity frequently invites contrarian fringe scientists and critics of climate change to his shows.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&q=hannity+%22climate+change%22&pg=PA144 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society |last1=Dryzek |first1=John S. |last2=Norgaard |first2=Richard B. |last3=Schlosberg |first3=David |date=August 18, 2011 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19956-660-0 |access-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204030225/https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&q=hannity+%22climate+change%22&pg=PA144#v=snippet&q=hannity%20%22climate%20change%22&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, a widely shared Fox News news report falsely claimed that new climate science research showed that the Earth might be heading to a new Ice Age; the author of the study that Fox News cited said that Fox News "utterly misrepresents our research" and the study did not in any way suggest that Earth was heading to an Ice Age. Fox News later corrected the story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/claim-of-a-coming-ice-age-misrepresents-the-study-it-relies-on/|title=Claim of a coming ice age misrepresents the study it relies on|date=November 1, 2019|website=Climate Feedback|access-date=November 4, 2019|archive-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230104406/https://climatefeedback.org/claimreview/claim-of-a-coming-ice-age-misrepresents-the-study-it-relies-on/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Shepard Smith]] drew attention for being one of few voices formerly on Fox News to forcefully state that climate change is real, that human activities are a primary contributor to it and that there is a [[Scientific consensus on climate change|scientific consensus]] on the issue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/2/15727170/fox-news-acknowledged-climate-change-real |title=Fox News actually acknowledged that climate change is real |first=Jeff |last=Guo |date=June 2, 2017 |work=Vox |access-date=June 2, 2017 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230141624/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/2/15727170/fox-news-acknowledged-climate-change-real |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2015/aug/17/fox-news-inner-struggle-with-climate-misinformation |title=Fox News' inner struggle with climate misinformation |last=Nuccitelli |first=Dana |date=August 17, 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=June 2, 2017 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206020816/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2015/aug/17/fox-news-inner-struggle-with-climate-misinformation |url-status=live }}</ref> His acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change drew criticism from Fox News viewers and conservatives.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/687771/fox-news-viewers-are-gunning-shep-smith-how-fox-news-respond |title=Fox News viewers are gunning for Shep Smith. How will Fox News respond? |date=March 23, 2017 |website=[[The Week]] |access-date=June 2, 2017 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230054007/https://theweek.com/speedreads/687771/fox-news-viewers-are-gunning-shep-smith-how-fox-news-respond |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/shepard-smith-the-fox-news-anchorman-who-drives-the-fox-news-faithful-crazy/2017/03/21/2a6d30a0-0e64-11e7-9d5a-a83e627dc120_story.html |title=Shepard Smith, the Fox News anchorman who drives the Fox News faithful crazy |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=March 21, 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=June 2, 2017 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230081036/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/shepard-smith-the-fox-news-anchorman-who-drives-the-fox-news-faithful-crazy/2017/03/21/2a6d30a0-0e64-11e7-9d5a-a83e627dc120_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Smith left Fox News in October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Oliver Darcy and Brian Stelter|date=October 11, 2019|title=Shepard Smith makes shocking announcement that he is leaving Fox News|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/11/media/shepard-smith-leaving-fox-news/index.html|access-date=January 24, 2022|website=CNN|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125051835/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/11/media/shepard-smith-leaving-fox-news/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2021 interview with [[Christiane Amanpour]] on her [[Amanpour & Company|eponymous show]] in [[CNN]], he stated that his presence on Fox had become "untenable" due to the "falsehoods" and "lies" intentionally spread on the network's opinion shows.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 20, 2021|last=Benveniste|first=Alexis|title=Shep Smith breaks his silence about why he left Fox News|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/media/shep-smith-fox-amanpour/index.html|access-date=January 22, 2022|website=CNN|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125040415/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/media/shep-smith-fox-amanpour/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lonas|first=Lexi|date=January 19, 2021|title=Shep Smith on former employment at Fox News: 'I stuck with it for as long as I could'|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/534903-shep-smith-on-former-employer-fox-news-i-stuck-with-it-as-long-as-i-could/|access-date=January 24, 2022|website=The Hill|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125040411/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/534903-shep-smith-on-former-employer-fox-news-i-stuck-with-it-as-long-as-i-could|url-status=live}}</ref>