Crucifixion

=== Legal execution in Islamic states ===
Crucifixion is still used as a rare method of execution in Saudi Arabia. The punishment of crucifixion (''șalb'') imposed in Islamic law is variously interpreted as exposure of the body after execution, crucifixion followed by stabbing in the chest, or crucifixion for three days, survivors of which are allowed to live.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EAsmttzXjcC&pg=PA37|first=Rudolph|last=Peters|title=Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-139-44534-4|pages=37–38}}</ref>

Several people have been subjected to crucifixion in [[Saudi Arabia]] in the 2000s, although on occasion they were first beheaded and then crucified. In March 2013, a robber was set to be executed by being crucified for three days.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|last=AP|title=Saudi seven face crucifixion and firing squad for armed robbery|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/05/saudi-seven-crucifixion-armed-robbery|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 March 2013|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> However, the method was changed to death by firing squad.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mar 18 |first1=Ali AlAhmed Published on |title=The execution of the Saudi Seven – iPolitics |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2013/03/18/the-execution-of-the-saudi-seven/ |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> The Saudi Press Agency reported that the body of another individual was crucified after his execution in April 2019 as part of a crackdown on charges of terrorism.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Qiblawi |first1=Tamara |last2=Alhenawi |first2=Ruba |title=Saudi Arabia executes 37 people, crucifying one, for terror-related crimes |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/23/middleeast/saudi-executions-terror-intl/index.html |access-date=April 23, 2019 |work=CNN |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia executes dozens on 'terrorism' charges |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/1556032383-saudi-arabia-executes-dozens-on-terrorism-charges |access-date=April 23, 2019 |date=April 23, 2019 |work=I24 News}}</ref>

[[Ali Mohammed Baqir al-Nimr]] was arrested in 2012 when he was 17 years old for taking part in an [[2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests|anti-government protest]] in Saudi Arabia during the [[Arab Spring]].<ref>"[http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16487&LangID=E Saudi Arabia must immediately halt execution of children – UN rights experts urge]". [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2017.</ref> In May 2014, Ali al-Nimr was sentenced to be publicly beheaded and crucified.<ref>"[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/saudi-arabia-beheading-crucifixion-nimr/407221/ When Beheading Won’t Do the Job, the Saudis Resort to Crucifixion]". ''[[The Atlantic]]''. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2017.</ref>

Theoretically, crucifixion is still one of the [[Hadd]] punishments in [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nyccriminallawyer.com/Iran_Criminal_Code_in_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328104820/https://www.nyccriminallawyer.com/Iran_Criminal_Code_in_English.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-28 |url-status=live|title=Iran's Islamic Criminal Law, Article 195|website=nyccriminallawyer.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://revcurentjur.ro/arhiva/attachments_201003/recjurid103_13F.pdf |title=The Sanctions of the Islamic Criminal Law |access-date=2010-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826030747/http://revcurentjur.ro/arhiva/attachments_201003/recjurid103_13F.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> If a crucified person were to survive three days of crucifixion, that person would be allowed to live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7863/3/Case_Study_in_Iranian_Criminal_system.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7863/3/Case_Study_in_Iranian_Criminal_system.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Case Study in Iranian Criminal System|website=uni-muenchen.de}}</ref> Execution by hanging is described as follows: "In execution by hanging, the prisoner will be hung on a hanging truss which should look like a cross, while his (her) back is toward the cross, and (s)he faces the direction of [[Mecca]] [in Saudi Arabia], and his (her) legs are vertical and distant from the ground."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mehr.org/jazaa.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://mehr.org/jazaa.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=''Judicial Law on Retaliation, Stoning, Execution, Crucifixion, Hanging and Whipping'', section 5, article 24|website=mehr.org}}</ref>

[[Sudan]]'s [[penal code]], based upon the government's interpretation of [[shari'a]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-10-14/news/8802070300_1_sharia-law-fundamentalists-sudanese-citizens|title=MOSLEM CODE LOOMS IN SUDAN|first=Tom Masland, Chicago|last=Tribune|website=chicagotribune.com|date=14 October 1988 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/es/documents/afr54/021/1991/es/|title=Amnesty International, Document AFR 54/21/91|website=amnesty.org|date=4 November 1991 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Sudan| title = Death Penalty Worldwide: Sudan| access-date = 2013-09-16| archive-date = 2018-10-03| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181003004328/http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Sudan| url-status = dead}}</ref> includes execution followed by crucifixion as a penalty. When, in 2002, 88 people were sentenced to death for crimes relating to murder, armed robbery, and participating in ethnic clashes, [[Amnesty International]] wrote that they could be executed by either hanging or crucifixion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr54/013/2002/en/|title=Sudan: Imminent Execution/Torture/Unfair trial &#124; Amnesty International|publisher=Web.amnesty.org|date=2002-07-17|access-date=2009-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203091152/http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/ENGAFR540132002|archive-date=December 3, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>