Cerebral palsy

=== Gait classification ===
[[File:Amsterdam Gait Classification gb.jpg|thumb|The [[Orthotics#Definition of the orthotic functions in cases of paralysis caused by cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury|Amsterdam Gait Classification]] facilitates the assessment of the gait pattern in CP patients. It helps to facilitate communication in the interdisciplinary team between those affected, doctors, physiotherapists and orthotists.]]
In patients with spastic hemiplegia or diplegia, various gait patterns can be observed, the exact form of which can only be described with the help of complex gait analysis systems. In order to facilitate interdisciplinary communication in the interdisciplinary team between those affected, doctors, physiotherapists and orthotists, a simple description of the gait pattern is useful. J. Rodda and H. K. Graham already described in 2001 how gait patterns of CP patients can be more easily recognized and defined gait types which they compared in a classification. They also described that gait patterns can vary with age.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodda J, Graham HK | title = Classification of gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegia: a basis for a management algorithm | journal = European Journal of Neurology | volume = 8 | issue = Suppl 5 | pages = 98–108 | date = November 2001 | pmid = 11851738 | doi = 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00042.x | s2cid = 45860264 }}</ref> Building on this, the [[Orthotics#Definition of the orthotic functions in cases of paralysis caused by cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury|Amsterdam Gait Classification]] was developed at the free university in Amsterdam, the VU medisch centrum. 

A special feature of this classification is that it makes different gait patterns very easy to recognize and can be used in CP patients in whom only one leg and both legs are affected. According to the Amsterdam Gait Classification, five gait types are described. To assess the gait pattern, the patient is viewed visually or via a video recording from the side of the leg to be assessed. At the point in time at which the leg to be viewed is in mid stance and the leg not to be viewed is in mid swing, the knee angle and the contact of the foot with the ground are assessed on the one hand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Grunt S |title=Geh-Orthesen bei Kindern mit Cerebralparese|journal=Pediatrica|volume=18|pages=30–34}}</ref>

Classification of the gait pattern according to the Amsterdam Gait Classification: In gait type 1, the knee angle is normal and the foot contact is complete. In gait type 2, the knee angle is hyperextended and the foot contact is complete. In gait type 3, the knee angle is hyperextended and foot contact is incomplete (only on the forefoot). In gait type 4, the knee angle is bent and foot contact is incomplete (only on the forefoot). With gait type 5, the knee angle is bent and the foot contact is complete.<ref name=":0" />

Gait types 5 is also known as crouch gait.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Armand |first=Stephan |date=Dec 2016 |title=Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy |journal=Paediatrics and Child Health |language=English |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=405–409 |doi=10.1016/j.paed.2008.05.013 |pmid=28698802 |pmc=5489760 |issn=1751-7222}}</ref>