Vienna

===Government===
{{Main|Gemeinderat and Landtag of Vienna}}
[[File:Rathaus Wien Stiege 2.JPG|thumb|right|Interior of Vienna's historical [[Vienna City Hall|Rathaus]], the seat of the city's mayor]]
Since Vienna obtained [[Federal states of Austria|federal state]] (''Bundesland'') status of its own by the federal constitution of 1920, the city council also functions as the state parliament ([[Landtag]]), and the mayor (except 1934–1945) also doubles as the ''[[Landeshauptmann]]'' (governor/minister-president) of the state of Vienna. The Rathaus accommodates the offices of the mayor (''[[:de:Magistrat der Stadt Wien]]'') and the state government (''Landesregierung''). The city is administered by a multitude of departments (''Magistratsabteilungen''), politically supervised by ''Amtsführende Stadträte'' (members of the city government/parliament leading offices; according to the Vienna constitution opposition parties have the right to designate members of the city government not leading offices).

Under the city constitution of 1920, municipal and state business must be kept separate. Hence, the city council and state parliament hold separate meetings, with separate presiding officers–the chairman of the city council or the president of the state Landtag–even though the two bodies' memberships are identical. When meeting as a city council, the deputies can only deal with the affairs of the city of Vienna; when meeting as a state parliament, they can only deal with the affairs of the state of Vienna.

In the 1996 City Council election, the SPÖ lost its overall majority in the 100-seat chamber, winning 43 seats and 39.15% of the vote. The SPÖ had held an outright majority at every free municipal election since 1919. In 1996 the [[Freedom Party of Austria]] (FPÖ), which won 29 seats (up from 21 in 1991), beat the ÖVP into third place for the second time running. From 1996 to 2001, the SPÖ governed Vienna in a coalition with the ÖVP. In 2001 the SPÖ regained the overall majority with 52 seats and 46.91% of the vote; in October 2005, this majority was increased further to 55 seats (49.09%). In course of the 2010 city council elections the SPÖ lost their overall majority again and consequently forged a coalition with the [[The Greens – The Green Alternative|Green Party]] – the first SPÖ/Green coalition in Austria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orf.at/stories/2025548/ |title=Pakt unterzeichnet: Rot-Grün in Wien nun offiziell – news.ORF.at |publisher=Orf.at |date=15 November 2010 |access-date=3 January 2011 |archive-date=18 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118193210/http://www.orf.at/stories/2025548 |url-status=live }}</ref> This coalition was maintained following the 2015 election. Following the 2020 election, the SPÖ forged a coalition with [[NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum]].<ref>[https://orf.at/stories/3189988/ ''Koalition SPÖ-NEOS in Wien wird präsentiert''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629032831/https://orf.at/stories/3189988/ |date=29 June 2022 }} orf.at (in German). 16 November 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</ref>