Texas

===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Texas Counties by race (2020 census).svg|thumb|Map of counties in Texas by racial and ethnic plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#f2ccc4|20–30%}}

{{legend|#e6b8af|30–40%}}

{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{col-2}}

'''[[Hispanics and Latinos in Texas|Hispanic or Latino]]'''

{{legend|#a2c4c9|40–50%}}

{{legend|#76a5af|50–60%}}

{{legend|#45818e|60–70%}}

{{legend|#134f5c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#0c343d|80–90%}}

{{legend|#05262d|90%+}}

{{col-end}}|222x222px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref name="2020Census">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0400000US48&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race|website=Census.gov|accessdate=July 5, 2022}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Total
|-
| [[Hispanics and Latinos in Texas|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|40.2|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|Non-Hispanic White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|39.7|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|39.8|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans in Texas|African American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|11.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|12.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5.4|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|6.1|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in Texas|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.3|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.2|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.0|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

In 2019, [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|non-Hispanic Whites]] represented 41.2% of Texas's population, reflecting a national demographic shift.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jin|first=Alexa Ura and Connie Hanzhang|date=June 20, 2019|title=Texas gained almost nine Hispanic residents for every additional white resident last year |website=The Texas Tribune |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2019/06/20/texas-hispanic-population-pace-surpass-white-residents/ |access-date=October 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 30, 2019|title=The U.S. white majority will soon disappear forever|url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/The-US-white-majority-will-soon-disappear-forever-13806738.php|access-date=October 18, 2020 |newspaper=Houston Chronicle |last1=Poston |first1=Dudley }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aaronson|first=Becca|date=May 17, 2012 |title=On the Records: Texas One of Five "Minority-Majority" States |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2012/05/17/on-the-records-majority-texas-minority-races/|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=The Texas Tribune}}</ref> [[African Americans in Texas|Black people]] made up 12.9%, [[Native Americans in Texas|American Indians and Alaska Natives]] 1.0%, [[Asian Americans]] 5.2%, [[Native Hawaiians]] and other [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islanders]] 0.1%, some other race 0.2%, and [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]] 1.8%. [[Hispanics and Latinos in Texas|Hispanics or Latino Americans]] of any race made up 39.7% of the estimated population.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2018 Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Texas&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

At the 2020 census, the racial and ethnic composition of the state was 42.5% [[White Americans|White]] (39.8% non-Hispanic White), 11.8% Black, 5.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 13.6% some other race, 17.6% two or more races, and 40.2% Hispanic and Latino American of any race.<ref name="CensusACS2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-the-united-states-2010-and-2020-census.html|title=Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census|date=August 12, 2021|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 13, 2021|title=Booming Texas population growth, demographic changes set stage for redistricting battle|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2021/08/12/north-texas-population-boom-continues-hispanics-outnumber-whites-in-dallas-census-data-show/|access-date=August 19, 2021|website=Dallas News|language=en}}</ref>

In 2010, 49% of all births were Hispanics; 35% were non-Hispanic White; 11.5% were non-Hispanic Black, and 4.3% were Asians/Pacific Islanders.<ref>{{cite news |first=Juan |last=Castillo |url=http://www.statesman.com/news/local/hispanics-make-up-nearly-half-of-all-texas-1977207.html |title=Hispanics make up nearly half of all Texas births in 2010, U.S. says |work=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |date=November 17, 2011 |access-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120175944/http://www.statesman.com/news/local/hispanics-make-up-nearly-half-of-all-texas-1977207.html |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Based on U.S. Census Bureau data released in February 2011, for the first time in recent history, Texas's White population is below 50% (45%) and Hispanics grew to 38%. Between 2000 and 2010, the total population grew by 20.6%, but Hispanics and Latino Americans grew by 65%, whereas non-Hispanic Whites grew by only 4.2%.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/2011-02-17-texas-census_N.htm |title=Majority of Texas' population growth is Hispanic |work=USA Today |first=Rick |last=Jervis |date=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Texas has the fifth highest rate of teenage births in the nation and a plurality of these are to Hispanics or Latinos.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-health-topics/reproductive-health/states/tx.html |title=Texas Adolescent Reproductive Health Facts |publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-date=August 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804102325/http://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-health-topics/reproductive-health/states/tx.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last4=Essig |first1=Alexa |last1=Ura |first2=Jason |last2=Kao |first3=Carla |last3=Astudillo |first4=Chris |date=August 12, 2021 |title=People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref> As of 2022, Hispanics and Latinos of any race replaced the non-Hispanic White population as the largest share of the state's population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ura |first=Alexa |date=2023-06-22 |title=Hispanics officially make up the biggest share of Texas' population, new census numbers show |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2023/06/21/census-texas-hispanic-population-demographics/ |access-date=June 22, 2023 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref>