Quebec

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Quebec}}
[[File:Quebec Population Density 2021.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Population density map of Quebec]]
In the [[Canada 2016 Census|2016 census]], Quebec had a population of 8,164,361, a 3.3% increase from its 2011 population of 7,903,001. With a land area of {{convert|1,356,625.27|km2|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|8164361|1356625.27|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2016. Quebec accounts for a little under 23% of the Canadian population. The [[List of population centres in Quebec|most populated cities in Quebec]] are [[Montreal]] (1,762,976), [[Quebec City]] (538,738), [[Laval, Quebec|Laval]] (431,208), and [[Gatineau, Quebec|Gatineau]] (281,501).<ref>{{cite web|date=2017|title=La population des municipalités du Québec au 1er juillet 2017|url=https://statistique.quebec.ca/fr/fichier/la-population-des-municipalites-du-quebec-au-1er-juillet-2017.pdf|publisher=Institut de la statistique du Québec|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref>

In 2016, Quebec's median age was 41.2 years. As of 2020, 20.8% of the population were younger than 20, 59.5% were aged between 20 and 64, and 19.7% were 65 or older. In 2019, Quebec witnessed an increase in the number of births compared to the year before (84,200 vs 83,840) and had a [[total fertility rate]] of about 1.6 children born per woman. As of 2020, the average life expectancy was 82.3 years. Quebec in 2019 registered the highest rate of population growth since 1972, with an increase of 110,000 people, mostly because of the arrival of a high number of immigrants. As of 2019, most international immigrants came from China, India or France.<ref name=":42">{{cite web|title=Bilan demographique du Québec |edition= 2020 |language=fr |url=https://statistique.quebec.ca/fr/fichier/bilan-demographique-du-quebec-edition-2020.pdf |publisher=Institut de la statistique du Québec |accessdate=August 14, 2021}}</ref> In 2016, 30% of the population possessed a [[postsecondary]] degree or diploma. Most residents, particularly couples, are [[property owner]]s. In 2016, 80% of both property owners and renters considered their housing to be "unaffordable".<ref name="habitation">{{Cite web |url=http://www.shq.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/internet/documents/SHQ/profil-statistique-habitation-2018-2019.pdf |title=Profil statistique de l'habitation au Québec 2018–2019 |publisher=Government of Quebec |language=fr |date=November 2019}}</ref>

As of 2021, 16.1% of the population of Quebec belonged to a [[visible minority]] group, while [[European Canadians]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an Indigenous identity.|name="euro"}} made up 81.4% of the population.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} Most visible minorities in Quebec live in or near Montreal.

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Quebec}}
[[File:Ste_Anne_de_Beaupré,_Québec.jpg|thumb|The [[Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]]]]
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], the most commonly cited religions in Quebec were:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Quebec&DGUIDlist=2021A000224&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (5,385,240 residents, or 64.8%)
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (2,267,720 or 27.3%)
*[[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (421,710 or 5.1%)
*[[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (84,530 or 1.0%)
*[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (48,365 or 0.6%)
*[[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (47,390 or 0.6%)
*[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (23,345 or 0.3%)
*[[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous spirituality]] (3,790 or <0.1%)
*Other (26,385 or 0.3%)

The [[Roman Catholic Church]] has long occupied a central and integral place in Quebec society since the foundation of Quebec City in 1608. However, since the [[Quiet Revolution]], which secularized Quebec, irreligion has been growing significantly.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baillargeon |first1=Stéphane |title=Un Québécois sur deux ne croit pas en Dieu |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/642084/l-adieu-a-dieu#:~:text=Il%20y%20a%20maintenant%20autant,non%2Dcroyants%20est%20d%C3%A9j%C3%A0%20atteinte. |website=Le Devoir |language=fr |date=October 22, 2021}}</ref>

The oldest [[parish church]] in North America is the [[Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec]]. Its construction began in 1647, when it was known under the name ''Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix'', and it was finished in 1664.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 15, 2010|title=Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame de Québec|url=http://www.patrimoine-religieux.com/patrimoine_fr.asp?no=19036|publisher=Corporation du patrimoine et du tourisme religieux de Québec|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=February 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219093940/http://www.patrimoine-religieux.com/patrimoine_fr.asp?no=19036|url-status=dead}}</ref> The most frequented place of worship in Quebec is the [[Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]]. This basilica welcomes millions of visitors each year. [[Saint Joseph's Oratory]] is the largest place of worship in the world dedicated to [[Saint Joseph]]. Many pilgrimages include places such as [[Saint Benedict Abbey, Quebec|Saint Benedict Abbey]], {{ill|Sanctuaire Notre-Dame-du-Cap|lt=Sanctuaire Notre-Dame-du-Cap|fr|Sanctuaire Notre-Dame-du-Cap}}, [[Notre-Dame de Montréal Basilica]], [[Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral|Marie-Reine-du-Monde de Montréal Basilica-Cathedral]], [[Saint-Michel Basilica-Cathedral]], and [[St. Patrick's Basilica, Montreal|Saint-Patrick's Basilica]]. Another important place of worship in Quebec is the Anglican Holy Trinity Cathedral, which was erected between 1800 and 1804. It was the first Anglican cathedral built outside the British Isles.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 29, 2019|title=The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Quebec, Canada|url=http://www.cathedral.ca/the-cathedral/|website=cathedral.ca}}</ref>

===Language===
{{Main|Language demographics of Quebec}}
[[File:Quebec_langues.png|thumb|{{legend-table|#008ECC|Francophone majority, less than 33% Anglophone|green|Francophone majority, more than 33% Anglophone|orange|Anglophone majority, more than 33% Francophone|red|Anglophone majority, less than 33% Francophone|grey|Data not available|lang=en|title=Linguistic map of the province of Quebec (source: Statistics Canada, 2006 census)}}]]Quebec differs from other Canadian provinces in that [[French language|French]] is the only [[Official language|official]] and preponderant language, while [[English language|English]] predominates in the [[rest of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2006|publisher=Commissariat aux langues officielles du Canada|title=Les langues officielles au Canada|url=http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/docs/f/Carte2006.pdf|accessdate=January 29, 2013|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016235448/http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/docs/f/Carte2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> French is the [[common language]], understood and spoken by 94.4% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 30, 2009|title=Tableau statistique canadien - Chapitre 3|url=http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/TSC/pdf/chap3.pdf|publisher=[[Institut de la statistique du Québec]]|access-date=June 6, 2021|archive-date=October 3, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003191239/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/TSC/pdf/CHAP3.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Statistiques du Québec|url=http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/sociolinguistique/2005/f1_indic_16_pres.pdf|publisher=Government of Quebec|access-date=June 6, 2021|archive-date=July 1, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701153513/http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/sociolinguistique/2005/f1_indic_16_pres.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Quebec French|Québécois French]] is the local [[Variation (linguistics)|variant]] of the language. Canada is estimated to be home to roughly 30 regional French accents,<ref name="quebeccultureblog.com2">{{cite web |title=Our 32 Accents |url=https://quebeccultureblog.com/2014/11/14/our-32-accents-series-post-3-88/ |accessdate=February 26, 2021 |website=Quebec Culture Blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 27, 2020 |title=Le francais parlé de la Nouvelle-France |url=https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/fr/blogue-blog/francais-nouvelle-france-french-new-france-fra |publisher=Government of Canada |language=fr}}</ref> 17 of which can be found in Quebec.<ref>{{cite web |last=Parent |first=Stéphane |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Le francais dans tous ses etats au quebec et au canada |url=https://www.rcinet.ca/fr/2017/03/30/le-francais-dans-tous-ses-etats-au-quebec-et-au-canada/ |work=Radio-Canada}}</ref> The {{Lang|fr|[[Office québécois de la langue française]]|italic=no}} oversees the application of linguistic policies respecting French on the territory, jointly with the [[Conseil supérieur de la langue française (Quebec)|Superior Council of the French Language]] and the [[Commission de toponymie du Québec]]. The foundation for these linguistic policies was created in 1968 by the [[Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec|Gendron Commission]] and they have been accompanied the [[Charter of the French language]] ("Bill 101") since 1977. The policies are in effect to protect Quebec from being assimilated by its English-speaking neighbours (the rest of Canada and the United States)<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Charte de la langue française au Québec ou Loi 101 - Le site de l'association Frontenac-Amériques |url=https://www.frontenac-ameriques.org/la-francophonie-en-amerique/article/la-charte-de-la-langue-francaise |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=www.frontenac-ameriques.org}}</ref><ref>https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/432/LANG/Brief/BR11249912/br-external/CastonguayCharles-f.pdf</ref> and were also created to rectify historical injustice between the Francophone majority and Anglophone minority, the latter of which were favoured since Quebec was a colony of the British Empire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations francophones-anglophones {{!}} l'Encyclopédie Canadienne |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/relations-francophones-anglophones |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref>

Quebec is the only Canadian province whose population is mainly [[Francophone]], meaning that French is their native language. In the [[2011 Canadian census|2011 Census]], 6,102,210 people (78.1% of the population) recorded French as their sole native language and 6,249,085 (80.0%) recorded that they spoke French most often at home.<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca2">{{cite web|date=February 8, 2012|title=Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census – Province of Quebec|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-pr-eng.cfm?Lang=eng&GK=PR&GC=24|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002124017/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-pr-eng.cfm?Lang=eng&GK=PR&GC=24|archivedate=October 2, 2013|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>

People with English as their native language, called [[Anglo-Quebecers]], constitute the second largest linguistic group in Quebec. In 2011, [[English language|English]] was the mother tongue of nearly 650,000 Quebecers (8% of the population).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-314-x/98-314-x2011001-fra.cfm |title=Caractéristiques linguistiques des Canadiens |publisher=Statistics Canada |language=fr |accessdate=August 16, 2021}}</ref> Anglo-Quebecers reside mainly in the west of the island of Montreal ([[West Island]]), [[downtown Montreal]] and the [[Pontiac Regional County Municipality|Pontiac]].

Three families of Indigenous languages encompassing eleven languages exist in Quebec: the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language family]] ([[Abenaki language|Abenaki]], [[Algonquin language|Algonquin]], [[Malecite-Passamaquoddy language|Maliseet-passamaquoddy]], [[Mi'kmaq language|Mi'kmaq]], and the [[linguistic continuum]] of [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Cree language|Cree]], [[Innu language|Innu-aimun]], and [[Naskapi language|Naskapi]]), the [[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Inuit–Aleut language family]] (Nunavimmiutitut, an [[Inuit grammar|Inuktitut dialect]] spoken by the [[Inuit]] of [[Nord-du-Québec]]), and the [[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian language family]] ([[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] and [[Wendat language|Wendat]]). In the 2016 census, 50,895 people said they knew at least one Indigenous language<ref>{{cite web|title=Knowledge of Aboriginal Languages (90), Knowledge of Languages: Single and Multiple Language Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Aboriginal Mother Tongue (11), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=01&GL=-1&GID=1341679&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=110449&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0|publisher=Statistics Canada|language=fr}}</ref> and 45,570 people declared having an Indigenous language as their mother tongue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recensement du Canada de 2016 : Tableaux de données – Langue maternelle (10), langue parlée le plus souvent à la maison (10), autre(s) langue(s) parlée(s) régulièrement à la maison (11), connaissance des langues officielles (5), première langue officielle parlée (5), âge (7) et sexe (3) pour la population à l'exclusion des résidents d'un établissement institutionnel du Canada, provinces et territoires, régions métropolitaines de recensement et agglomérations de recensement, Recensement de 2016 - Données intégrales (100 %)|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-fra.cfm?LANG=F&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110463&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=888&Temporal=2016,2017&THEME=118&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> In Quebec, most Indigenous languages are transmitted quite well from one generation to the next with a mother tongue retention rate of 92%.<ref>{{cite report |first1=Marc|last1=Termote|first2=Normand|last2=Thibault|date=2008|title=Nouvelles perspectives démolinguistiques du Québec et de la région de Montréal, 2001-2051|url=https://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/sociolinguistique/2008/etude_08.pdf|page=45|publisher=Government of Quebec}}</ref>

As of the [[2016 Canadian census|2016 census]], the most common immigrant languages claimed as a native language were [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (2.5% of the total population), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (1.9%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (1.4%), Creole languages (mainly [[Haitian Creole]]) (0.8%), and [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (0.6%).<ref>{{cite web|title=Proportion de la population selon la langue maternelle déclarée, pour différentes régions au Canada, Recensement de 2016|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dv-vd/lang/index-fra.cfm|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>

As of the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Canadian Census]], the ten most spoken languages in the province were [[French language|French]] (spoken by 7,786,735 people, or 93.72% of the population), [[English language|English]] (4,317,180 or 51.96%), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (453,905 or 5.46%), [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (343,675 or 4.14%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (168,040 or 2.02%), [[Haitian Creole]] (118,010 or 1.42%), [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (80,520 or 0.97%), [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (65,605 or 0.8%), [[Russian language|Russian]] (55,485 or 0.7%), and [[Greek language|Greek]] (50,375 or 0.6%).<ref name="language2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Quebec [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000224&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Quebec |access-date=August 17, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.

===Aboriginals===
{{Main|Indigenous peoples in Quebec}}
[[File:Communautés_autochtones_du_Québec.png|thumb|Map of aboriginal communities in Quebec, this includes [[Indian reserve|reserves]], [[Indian settlement|settlements]] and [[Types of municipalities in Quebec#Aboriginal local municipal units|northern villages]]. {{legend|#800080|Algonquins}}{{legend|#ffd42a|Attikameks}}{{legend|#c87137|Abenakis}}{{legend|#2affd5|Crees}}{{legend|#808080|Hurons-Wendat}}{{legend|#008000|Innus}}{{legend|#1a1a1a|Maliseets}}{{legend|#c83771|Micmacs}}{{legend|#800000|Mohawks}}{{legend|#88aa00|Naskapis}}{{legend|#0000ff|Inuit}}]]
In 2021, the Indigenous population of Quebec numbered 205,010 (2.5% of the population), including 15,800 [[Inuit]], 116,550 [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] people, and 61,010 [[Métis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00051209034&SearchText=halifax |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> There is an undercount, as some Indian bands regularly refuse to participate in Canadian censuses. In 2016, the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] reserves of [[Kahnawake]] and [[Doncaster, Quebec|Doncaster 17]] along with the [[Indian settlement]] of [[Kanesatake]] and [[Rapid Lake|Lac-Rapide]], a reserve of the [[Algonquins of Barriere Lake]], were not counted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/dq-qd/iir-rii-eng.cfm |title=Incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements|date=January 3, 2019|publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>

The Inuit of Quebec live mainly in [[Nunavik]] in [[Nord-du-Québec]]. They make up the majority of the population living north of the 55th parallel. There are ten First Nations ethnic groups in Quebec: the [[Abenaki]], the [[Algonquin people|Algonquin]], the [[Attikamek]], the [[Cree]], the [[Wolastoqiyik]], the [[Mi'kmaq]], the [[Innu]], the [[Naskapi]]s, the [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron-Wendat]] and the [[Mohawks]]. The Mohawks were once part of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]].
Aboriginal rights were enunciated in the [[Indian Act]] and adopted at the end of the 19th century. This act confines [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] within the [[Indian reserve|reserves]] created for them. The Indian Act is still in effect today.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 30, 2019|title=Loi sur les Indiens|url=http://lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/Loi/I/I-5.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110706182157/http://laws%2Dlois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/I%2D5.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 6, 2011|publisher=justice.gc.ca|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref> In 1975, the [[Cree]], [[Inuit]] and the Quebec government agreed to an agreement called the [[James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement]] that would extended indigenous rights beyond reserves, and to over two-thirds of Quebec's territory. Because this extension was enacted without the participation of the [[Government of Canada|federal government]], the extended indigenous rights only exist in Quebec. In 1978, the [[Naskapi]]s joined the agreement when the [[Northeastern Quebec Agreement]] was signed. Discussions have been underway with the Montagnais of the [[Côte-Nord]] and [[Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean]] for the potential creation of a similar autonomy in two new distinct territories that would be called ''Innu Assi'' and ''Nitassinan''.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 15, 2009|title=Entente Québec-Innus|url=http://www.versuntraite.com/accueil.htm|publisher=Secrétariat aux Affaires intergouvernementales}}</ref>

A few political institutions have also been created over time:
* The [[Assembly of First Nations Quebec-Labrador]]<ref>{{cite web|title=APNQL|url=https://apnql.com/fr/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331200331/http://apnql.com/fr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Grand Council of the Crees]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Grand Conseil des Cris (Eeyou Istchee)/Gouvernement de la Nation Crie|url=https://www.cngov.ca/fr/gouvernance-et-structure/gcc-ei-gnc-role-mission-vision/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|publisher=The Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee)}}</ref>
* The [[Makivik Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bienvenue sur le site Internet de la Société MakivikAu service des Inuit du Nunavik depuis 1978|url=https://www.makivik.org/fr/|accessdate=July 29, 2019|publisher=Makivik Corporation|archive-date=May 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515210120/https://www.makivik.org/fr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Acadians===
The subject of {{ill|Acadians in Quebec|fr|Acadiens au Québec}} is an important one as more than a million people in Quebec are of [[Acadians|Acadian]] descent, with roughly 4.8 million people possessing one or multiple Acadian ancestors in their genealogy tree, because a large number of Acadians had fled [[Acadia]] to take refuge in Quebec during the [[Great Upheaval]]. Furthermore, more than a million people have a [[patronym]] of Acadian origin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Québec|url=http://snacadie.org/content/view/106/130/|accessdate=December 7, 2009|publisher=Société nationale de l'Acadie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=1998|title=L'Acadie du Québec - Du 29 mars au 31 mai 1998|url=http://www.teleco.org/museeacadien/francais/expopre2.html|accessdate=December 7, 2009|publisher=Télécommunauté insulaire francophone|archive-date=October 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013014454/http://www.teleco.org/museeacadien/francais/expopre2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Adrien|last=Bergeron|year=2000|title=HÉBERT, ÉTIENNE|url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-f.php?&id_nbr=2928&&PHPSESSID=ychzfqkvzape|accessdate=December 7, 2009|publisher=Dictionnaire biographique du Canada en ligne en collaboration avec l'Université de Toronto et l'Université Laval}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hébert|first1=Pierre-Maurice|title=Les Acadiens du Québec|date=1994|publisher=Éditions de L'Écho|isbn=2-920312-32-4|volume=427|language=fr}}</ref>

Quebec houses Acadian communities. Acadians mainly live on the [[Magdalen Islands]] and in [[Gaspesia]], but about thirty other communities are present elsewhere in Quebec, mostly in the [[Côte-Nord]] and [[Centre-du-Québec]] regions. An Acadian community in Quebec can be called a "Cadie", "Petite Cadie" or "Cadien".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Arsenault|first1=Samuel|title=L'Acadie des Maritimes : études thématiques des débuts à nos jours|last2=Lamarche|first2=Rodolphe|last3=Daigle|first3=Jean|date=1993|publisher=[[:fr:Centre d'études acadiennes Anselme-Chiasson|Centre d'études acadiennes, Université de Moncton]]|isbn=2921166062|volume=Les géographes et l'aménagement des structures spatiales}}</ref>