Gabriel

==Art, entertainment, and media==
Angels are described as pure spirits.<ref name="gorgievski">{{Cite book |last=Gorgievski |first=Sandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fYareuHCAu0C&dq=angels+in+art+history&pg=PA1 |title=Face to Face with Angels: Images in Medieval Art and in Film |date=2014-01-10 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5756-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="longhurst">{{citation |author=Longhurst, Dr. |first=Christopher Evan |title="The Science of Angelology in the Modern World: The Revival of Angels in Contemporary Culture", ''The Catholic Response'', September/October 2012 |date=1 January 1970 |volume=IX, No. 2 |pages=32–36 |publisher=Academia.edu |issn=1553-0221}}</ref> The lack of a defined form allows artists wide latitude in depicting them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1185507/angels-exist-but-have-no-wings-says-church |title=Angels Exist But Have No Wings, Says Church |publisher=News.sky.com |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref> Amelia R. Brown draws comparisons in Byzantine iconography between portrayals of angels and the conventions used to depict court eunuchs. Mainly from the Caucasus, they tended to have light eyes, hair, and skin; and those "castrated in childhood developed a distinctive skeletal structure, lacked full masculine musculature, body hair and beards ..." As officials, they would wear a white tunic decorated with gold. Brown suggests that "Byzantine artists drew, consciously or not, on this iconography of the court eunuch".<ref name=brown>Brown, Amelia. ''Painting the Bodiless: Angels and Eunuchs in Byzantine Art and Culture'', University of Queensland (2007)</ref> Some recent popular works on angels consider Gabriel to be [[female]] or [[androgynous]].<ref name="Giovetti1993">{{cite book |last1=Giovetti |first1=Paola |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svkGyVmZyEEC |title=Angels: The Role of Celestial Guardians and Beings of Light |publisher=Samuel Weiser |others=Translated by Toby McCormick |year=1993 |isbn=978-0877287797 |location=York Beach, Maine |language=en-us |oclc=27173025 |access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Godwin1990">{{cite book |last1=Godwin |first1=Malcolm |url=https://archive.org/details/angelsendangered00godw |title=Angels An Endangered Species |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1990 |isbn=0671706500 |location=New York, New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/angelsendangered00godw/page/43 43] |language=en-us |oclc=21227232 |quote="But Gabri-el is unique amongst an otherwise male or androgynous host, for it is almost certain that this great Archangel is the only female in the higher echelons." |access-date=13 November 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

===Gabriel sculptures===
<gallery>
File:Gabor arkangyal.jpg|Archangel Gabriel Millennium Monument at [[Hősök tere|Heroes' Square]] in [[Budapest]]
File:Bermatingen St Georg Heiligenfigur.jpg|Archangel Gabriel in the church of St. Georg in [[Bermatingen]]
File:Waldburg Pfarrkirche Verkündigung Engel.jpg|Archangel Gabriel in the church of St. Magnus in [[Waldburg]]
File:Annonciation portail Reims.jpg|Archangel Gabriel at the façade of the [[Cathedral of Reims]]
File:To the victims of the german occupation.jpg|Archangel Gabriel at the Liberty Square, Budapest
File:Archanděl Gabriel z Nedvědic, AJG Hluboká nad Vltavou.jpg|[[Archangel Gabriel of Nedvědice]]
</gallery>

===Festivals===
*Baltimore's (Maryland) "[[Little Italy, Baltimore|Little Italy]]" neighborhood has for over 80 years hosted an annual "end of summer" St. Gabriel Festival that features a procession with a statue of the saint carried through the streets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2012/08/17/little-italy-hosts-83rd-annual-saint-gabriels-festival/ |title=Little Italy Hosts 83rd Annual St. Gabriel Festival |publisher=Baltimore.cbslocal.com |date=17 August 2012 |access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://baltimoreguide.com/http:/baltimoreguide.com/little-italy-celebrates-the-feast-of-saint-gabriel-in-style/ |title=Little Italy celebrates the Feast of Saint Gabriel in style |publisher=Baltimoreguide.com |date=17 August 2011 |access-date=1 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116121237/http://baltimoreguide.com/http%3A/baltimoreguide.com/little-italy-celebrates-the-feast-of-saint-gabriel-in-style/ |archive-date=16 January 2014 }}</ref>

===Film===
*In ''[[Liliom (1930 film)|Liliom]]'' (1930), Gabriel is portrayed by [[Harvey Clark (actor)|Harvey Clark]].
*In ''[[Gabriel Over the White House]]'' (1933), Gabriel is an unseen presence indicated by enhanced light.
*In ''[[The Green Pastures (film)|The Green Pastures]]'' (1936), Gabriel is portrayed by [[Oscar Polk]].
*In ''[[Heaven Only Knows (1947 film)|Heaven Only Knows]]'' (1947), Gabriel was portrayed by [[William Farnum]].
*In ''The Littlest Angel'' (1969; television film), Gabriel is portrayed by [[Cab Calloway]].
*In horror film ''[[The Prophecy]]'' (1995), Gabriel (portrayed by [[Christopher Walken]]) searches for an evil soul on Earth during an [[Apocalypse|end-of-days]] angelic civil war. He is also a character in ''[[The Prophecy II]]'' (1998) and ''[[The Prophecy 3: The Ascent]]'' (2000).
*In ''[[Mary, Mother of Jesus (film)|Mary, Mother of Jesus]]'' (1999; television film), Gabriel is portrayed by [[John Light (actor)|John Light]].
*In the fantasy/horror film ''[[Van Helsing (film)|Van Helsing]]'' (2004), the main character Van Helsing is alluded to be Gabriel, portrayed by [[Hugh Jackman]]. 
*In the fantasy/horror film ''[[Constantine (film)|Constantine]]'' (2005), [[Tilda Swinton]] portrays an androgynous archangel Gabriel.
*In the action/horror film ''[[Gabriel (2007 film)|Gabriel]]'' (2007), the eponymous character (portrayed by [[Andy Whitfield]]) fights to save the [[soul]]s in [[purgatory]] by defeating the evil [[fallen angel]]s.
*In the apocalyptic supernatural action film ''[[Legion (2010 film)|Legion]]'' (2010), [[Kevin Durand]] plays the role of Archangel Gabriel, the leader of the angel army, and the main antagonist. The story was continued in the TV series ''[[Dominion (TV series)|Dominion]]''.
*In the analog horror series ''[[The Mandela Catalogue]]'', Gabriel is portrayed as the main antagonist, seemingly being the Antichrist or Satan disguised as Gabriel, that manipulates the shepherds to be their saviour instead of Jesus in the first episode, Overthrone. This leads to the events of the series having hostile organisms called Alternates.

===Games===
*2005: Spanish [[role-playing game]] ''[[Anima: Beyond Fantasy]]'', Gabriel is, as the humans know, one of the seven "Beryls" (godlike beings of light), and is identified with the archangel of the same name. She has associated with love, friendship, arts, and peace.
*In the Japanese [[role-playing game]] ''[[Shin Megami Tensei]]'', Gabriel is one of the Demons the player can [[summon]] to assist in battle.
*In the 2011 video game ''[[El Shaddai: Ascension of the Metatron]]'', based on the Book of Enoch, Gabriel is featured alongside Michael, Raphael, and Uriel as a guide for Enoch on his quest. All four archangels take the form of swans while on Earth. Gabriel is depicted as female in this interpretation and implied to be an angel of wisdom. She is associated with the Veil weapon Enoch uses.
*Gabriel appears in the retro first-person shooter ''[[Ultrakill]]'', and is voiced by Gianni Matragrano. He is featured as the final boss of the first two acts and a primary story character.
*In ''[[The Binding of Isaac (video game)|The Binding of Isaac]]'' (2011), a roguelike dungeon crawler, the player is able to fight Gabriel and Uriel to obtain their key pieces in order to fight Mega Satan.
*In ''[[In Death: Unchained (video game)|In Death: Unchained]]'', a virtual reality rougelike archery game, God has abandoned the Heaven and Gabriel has lost his sanity. He is a boss of the Paradise Lost area.

===Literature===
* In his [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]'', [[John Milton]] made Gabriel chief of the angelic guards placed over [[Garden of Eden|Paradise]].
* The [[Hebrew]] poem "Elifelet" (אליפלט) by [[Nathan Alterman]], put to music and often heard on the [[Kol Yisrael|Israeli Radio]], tells of a heroic, self-sacrificing Israeli soldier being killed in battle. Upon the protagonist's death, the angel Gabriel descends to Earth, in order to comfort the spirit of the fallen hero and take him to Heaven.<ref>{{cite web |title=התרנגולים – אליפלט – שירונט |url=http://www.shiron.net/songView.aspx?song_id=307&singer_id=352&song_title=6cd6 |access-date=16 August 2010 |publisher=Shiron.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haayal.co.il/story_1720 |title=אין לו אופי אפילו במיל |publisher=Haayal.co.il |access-date=16 August 2010}}</ref>
* The main character of [[Salman Rushdie]]'s ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' (1988) believes that he is the modern incarnation of Gabriel.
*In the Japanese [[light novel]] series ''[[No Game No Life]]'' (2012), Jibril is a member of the Flügel race and was a member of the Council of 18 Wings, a prominent section in the government. She is depicted as loving knowledge and books.
* In volume 3 of the Japanese light novel series ''[[The Devil Is a Part-Timer!]]'', an archangel named Gabriel appears and is the guardian of the [[Sephirah]] [[Yesod]].
* In the Japanese light novel ''[[High School DxD]],'' Gabriel is featured as one of the Four Great Seraph whom are the highest ranking [[Seraph]] alongside Michael, Uriel, and Raphael. In the novel, Gabriel is depicted as a female angel with immense angelic beauty, and is given the titles of "The Strongest Woman in Heaven" and "The Most Beautiful Woman in Heaven".
* In the Japanese light novel series [[Date A Live]], Gabriel is the name of a spiritual weapon (referred to as angels within the series), belonging to Miku Izayoi. Gabriel takes the form of an organ that can control sound. It can play various songs including March, which enhances the targets physical abilities, and Solo, which can brainwash those who listen to it, among others.
* In [[August Wilson]]'s ''[[Fences (play)|Fences]]'' (1985), the mentally handicapped character Gabriel believes with every fiber of his soul that he is the Archangel Gabriel. He carries around a trumpet on him always, and strives to chase away the "hellhounds". In the last scene of the play, he calls for [[Saint Peter]] to open the gates.

===Music===
* The eccentric English [[Hagiography|hagiographer]] and [[antiquarian]], [[Sabine Baring-Gould]] (1834–1924) wrote "[[Gabriel's Message]]", the English translation of the [[Basque music|Basque]] [[Christmas]] carol ''Birjina gaztetto bat zegoen''. The original charol is likely related to the 13th or 14th-century Latin chant ''[[Angelus ad virginem|Angelus Ad Virginem]]'', which itself is based on the biblical account of the [[Annunciation]] in the [[Gospel of Luke]].
* In the 1997 song "[[My Own Prison (song)|My Own Prison]]" by [[Creed (band)|Creed]], Gabriel is mentioned as deciphering the visions to the song's main character.
* "[[Sugar Baby (Bob Dylan song)|Sugar Baby]]", the last track on [[Bob Dylan]]'s 2001 albume ''[[Love and Theft (Bob Dylan album)|Love and Theft]]'', contains this reference: 
{{Poem quote|text="Just as sure as we're living, just as sure as we're born
Look up, look up – seek your Maker – 'fore Gabriel blows his horn.|char=|sign=|title=|source=}}

* In the end of the song "Je N'en Connais Pas la Fin" by American [[post metal]] band [[Rosetta]] part of the lyrics said "Won't you play your trumpet well Gabriele", alluding to the announcement of apocalypse made by Gabriel in the bible.

* "Blow Your Trumpets Gabriel" was performed by Polish [[black metal]] band [[Behemoth (band)|Behemoth]].
* The 1996 garage/house song "Gabriel" by [[Roy Davis Jr.]] (featuring vocals from Peven Everett) is about the archangel Gabriel. In the chorus, Everett can be heard singing "Gabriel play" in reference to Gabriel's trumpet. A trumpet is also heard in the song right after this line is sung.

===Visual art===
:''See also [[commons:Gabriel|Gabriel gallery in Commons]]''.
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci Annunciazione (dettaglio).jpg|thumb|Detail of Gabriel from Leonardo da Vinci's ''[[Annunciation (Leonardo)|Annunciation]]'' (c. 1472–1475)]]
[[File:Titian - Polyptych of the Resurrection - Archangel Gabriel - WGA22785.jpg|thumb|Angel of the [[Averoldi Polyptych#Annunciation|Annunciation]] by [[Titian]] (1520–1522)]]
[[Daniel 8]]:15 describes Gabriel as appearing in the "likeness of man" and in [[Daniel 9]]:21 he is referred to as "the man Gabriel". David Everson observes that "such anthropomorphic descriptions of an angel are consistent with previous .. .descriptions of angels", as in [[Genesis 19]]:5.<ref name="everson">{{cite web |author=Everson |first=David L. |date=December 2009 |title="Gabriel Blow Your Horn! – A Short History of Gabriel within Jewish Literature", Xavier University |url=https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2009/12/eve278002 |access-date=1 May 2014 |publisher=bibleinterp.arizona.edu}}</ref>

Gabriel is most often portrayed in the context of scenes of the [[Annunciation]]. In 2008 a 16th-century drawing by Lucas van Leyden of the Netherlands was discovered. George R. Goldner, chairman of the department of prints and drawings at New York's [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], suggested that the sketch was for a stained glass window. "The fact that the archangel is an ordinary-looking person and not an idealized boy is typical of the artist", said Goldner.<ref>Vogel, Carol. 25 July 2008. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/arts/design/25voge.html?_r=0 Angels Appear, and Museums Rejoice]" ''New York Times''.</ref>

In chronological order (to see each item, follow the link in the footnote):<ref>{{cite web
  | title = Links to images of Gabriel
  | publisher = The Text This Week
  | url = http://www.textweek.com/art/gabriel.htm
  | access-date = 12 February 2007 }}</ref>
* ''Archangel Gabriel'' ([[Triptych]]), early 10th century, [[Benaki Museum]]
* ''The Archangel Gabriel'', [[Pisan]], c. 1325–1350, [[National Gallery of Art]]
* ''The Archangel Gabriel'', [[Masolino da Panicale]], c. 1420–1430, [[National Gallery of Art]]
* ''Justice between the Archangels Michael and Gabriel'', [[Jacobello del Fiore]], 1421
* ''Merode Altarpiece'' (Triptych), [[Robert Campin]], c. 1425, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
* ''The Angel Gabriel'', [[Agostino di Duccio]], c. 1450
* ''[[Annunciation (Leonardo)|Annunciation]]'', [[Leonardo da Vinci]], c. 1475
* ''The Angel Gabriel'', [[Neroccio d'Landi]], c. 1490
* ''The Angel Gabriel'', late 15th or early 16th century, Flemish, [[National Gallery of Art]]
* ''The Angel Gabriel'', Ferrari Gaudenzio, 1511, [[National Gallery, London]]
* ''Gabriel delivering the Annunciation'' [[El Greco]], 1575 (pictured above)
* ''Go Down Death'', [[Aaron Douglas (artist)|Aaron Douglas]], 1934

The Military Order of Saint Gabriel was established to recognize "individuals who have made significant contributions to the U.S. Army Public Affairs community and practice". The medallion depicts St. Gabriel sounding a trumpet, while the obverse displays the Army Public Affairs emblem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armypaa.org/saintgabriel|title=Military Order of Saint Gabriel|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321201727/http://www.armypaa.org/saintgabriel|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Television===
*''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' (1960) episode "[[A Passage for Trumpet]]" – The down-and-out musician Joey Crown ([[Jack Klugman]]) meets an enigmatic trumpet player named "Gabe" (played by [[John Anderson (actor)|John Anderson]]), in what has been described as [[Rod Serling]]'s version of ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=T.V.com |date=22 November 2011 |title=A Passage for Trumpet – the Twilight Zone |url=http://www.tv.com/shows/the-twilight-zone/a-passage-for-trumpet-12616/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417032701/http://www.tv.com/shows/the-twilight-zone/a-passage-for-trumpet-12616/ |archive-date=17 April 2014 |access-date=1 May 2014 |publisher=Tv.com}}</ref>
*''[[Supernatural (U.S. TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005) – Gabriel, portrayed by [[Richard Speight Jr.]], is a runaway archangel who kills people he deems evil, also interacting with [[List of angels in Supernatural|other angels]], including his siblings Michael, Raphael, and Lucifer.
*''[[Dominion (TV series)|Dominion]]'' (2014) – Gabriel, portrayed by [[Carl Beukes]], is the series antagonist, who plans to kill the Archangel Michael and annihilate humanity.
*''[[Now Apocalypse]]'' (2019) – Gabriel, portrayed by [[Tyler Posey]], is an enigmatic trumpet player who has a passionate tryst with series protagonist Ulysses Zane before warning him about an impending apocalypse.
*Amazon Prime miniseries ''[[Good Omens (miniseries)|Good Omens]]'' (2019) – Gabriel is portrayed by [[Jon Hamm]]. The show is based on [[Good Omens|the novel]] by [[Terry Pratchett]] and [[Neil Gaiman]].