Cameroon

===Languages===

{{Further|Languages of Cameroon}}
[[File:Nigeria Benin Cameroon languages.png|thumb|Map of the region's indigenous languages|upright=1.2]]
The official percentage of French and English speakers by the Presidency of Cameroon is estimated to be 70% and 30% respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prc.cm/en/cameroon/presentation| title=Presentation of Cameroon|access-date=29 March 2023}}.</ref> German, the language of the original colonisers, has long since been displaced by French and English. [[Cameroonian Pidgin English]] is the lingua franca in the formerly British-administered territories.<ref>[[#Neba|Neba]] 94.</ref> A mixture of English, French, and Pidgin called [[Camfranglais]] has been gaining popularity in urban centres since the mid-1970s.<ref>[[#DeLancey|DeLancey and DeLancey]] 131</ref><ref name=Niba/>

In addition to the colonial languages, there are approximately 250 other languages spoken by nearly 20&nbsp;million Cameroonians<ref name=":4">Kouega, Jean-Paul. 'The Language Situation in Cameroon', Current Issues in Language Planning, vol. 8/no. 1, (2007), pp. 3–94.</ref> making Cameroon one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/geolinguistics/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html|title=Linguistic diversity in Africa and Europe – Languages Of The World|date=16 June 2011|website=languagesoftheworld.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515155945/http://www.languagesoftheworld.info/geolinguistics/linguistic-diversity-in-africa-and-europe.html|archive-date=15 May 2012|access-date=4 July 2019|last=Pereltsvaig|first=Asya}}</ref>

In 2017, there were language protests by the anglophone population against perceived oppression by francophone speakers.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2019/02/11/african-powder-keg-cameroonian-conflict-and-african-security/|title=AFRICAN POWDER KEG: CAMEROONIAN CONFLICT AND AFRICAN SECURITY|last=Genin|first=Aaron|date=11 February 2019|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> The military was deployed against the protesters and people were killed, hundreds imprisoned and thousands fled the country.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/03/deaths-and-detentions-as-cameroon-cracks-down-on-anglophone-activists Deaths and detentions as Cameroon cracks down on anglophone activists] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103125739/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/03/deaths-and-detentions-as-cameroon-cracks-down-on-anglophone-activists |date=3 January 2018}} ''The Guardian'', 2018</ref> This culminated in the declaration of an independent [[Republic of Ambazonia]],<ref>Ani, Kelechi Johnmary, Gabriel Tiobo Wose Kinge, and Victor Ojakorotu. "Political crisis, protests and implications on nation building in Cameroon." African Renaissance 15.Special Issue 1 (2018): 121–139.</ref> which has since evolved into the [[Anglophone Crisis]].<ref name=":3" /> It is estimated that by June 2020, 740,000 people had been internally displaced as a result of this crisis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cameroon/cameroon-humanitarian-dashboard-january-june-2020| title=Relief Web Humanitarian Dashboard| date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>