California

===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Map of Californian Counties by Percentage of Hispanics or Latinos.png|thumb|right|[[Hispanics and Latinos in California|Hispanic and Latino Californians]] make up the state's largest ethnic group. The map displays California's counties by percentage of Hispanics and Latinos in the [[2020 United States census|2020 Census]]:<br />{{legend|#26619C|50% or more}}{{legend|#0087BD|25–49%}}{{legend|#6699CC|15–24%}}{{legend|#9EB9D4|5–15%}}]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:120%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Hispanics and Latinos in California|Hispanic or Latino]]<ref group="note">Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.</ref>
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|39.4|%|2||background:green}}
|-

| [[White Americans in California|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|34.7|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|38.3|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans in California|Asian (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|15.1|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|17.0|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[African Americans in California|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|5.4|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|6.4|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in California|Native American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.3|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.3|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.7|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other (non-Hispanic)
|align=right| {{bartable|0.6|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|}
[[File:Ethnic Origins in California.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins in California]]
According to the United States Census Bureau in 2018 the population self-identified as (alone or in combination):<ref name="2018CensusDemo">[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/RHI125215/06 2018 U.S. Census QuickFacts], [[United States Census Bureau]], 2018.</ref> 72.1% [[White American|White]] (including [[Hispanic White Americans|Hispanic]] [[White Americans|Whites]]), 36.8% [[non-Hispanic whites]], 15.3% [[Asian American|Asian]], 6.5% Black or [[African American]], 1.6% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] and [[Alaska Native]], 0.5% [[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]], and 3.9% [[Multiracial American|two or more races]].

By ethnicity, in 2018 the population was 60.7% non-Hispanic (of any race) and 39.3% [[Hispanics and Latinos in California|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race). Hispanics are the largest single ethnic group in California.<ref name=2018CensusDemo/> [[Non-Hispanic whites]] constituted 36.8% of the state's population.<ref name=2018CensusDemo/> ''[[Californio]]s'' are the [[Hispanic]] residents native to California, who make up the [[Spanish language in California|Spanish-speaking]] community that has existed in California since 1542, of varying [[Mexican American]]/[[Chicano]], [[Criollo people|Criollo Spaniard]], and Mestizo origin.<ref>as quoted in Clark, Donald T. (2008). ''Santa Cruz County Place Names'' p.442, Scotts Valley, California, Kestrel Press.</ref> California has the largest Mexican, [[Salvadoran Americans|Salvadoran]] and [[Guatemalan Americans|Guatemalan]] population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html|title=Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020}}</ref>

{{as of|2011}}, 75.1% of California's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white (white Hispanics are counted as minorities).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Exner |first=Rich |date=June 3, 2012 |title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot |url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html |access-date=September 20, 2016 |website=cleveland.com |publisher=Advance Ohio}}</ref>

In terms of total numbers, California has the largest population of White Americans in the United States, an estimated 22,200,000 residents. The state has the 5th largest population of African Americans in the United States, an estimated 2,250,000 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4{{spaces}}million, constituting a third of the nation's total. California's Native American population of 285,000 is the most of any state.<ref name="US Census Cal Race and Ethnicity">{{Cite web |title=California—ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008 |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US06&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430162923/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US06&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |website=American Fact Finder |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref>

According to estimates from 2011, California has the largest [[Majority-minority state|minority population]] in the United States by numbers, making up 60% of the state population.<ref name="CensusQuickFacts">{{Cite web |title=California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228054319/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html |archive-date=December 28, 2009 |access-date=December 26, 2009 |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref> Over the past 25 years, the population of [[non-Hispanic whites]] has declined, while [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanic]] and [[Asian American|Asian]] populations have grown. Between 1970 and 2011, non-Hispanic whites declined from 80% of the state's population to 40%, while [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanics]] grew from 32% in 2000 to 38% in 2011.<ref>"[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/06/05/MNSG1DQ1BL.DTL Whites in state 'below the replacement' level]". [[San Francisco Chronicle]]. June 5, 2010.</ref> It is currently projected that Hispanics will rise to 49% of the population by 2060, primarily due to domestic births rather than immigration.<ref name="Economist CA Hispanics">{{Cite news |date=June 20, 2015 |title=Latino mojo |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21654583-latino-mojo}}</ref> With the decline of immigration from Latin America, Asian Americans now constitute the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in California; this growth is primarily driven by immigration from [[China]], [[India]] and the [[Philippines]], respectively.<ref name="Asians CA">{{Cite web |last=Wendell Cox |title=Asians: America's Fastest Growing Minority |url=http://www.newgeography.com/content/004825-asians-americas-fastest-growing-minority |access-date=July 19, 2015 |publisher=NewsGeography}}</ref>
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Most of California's immigrant population are born in Mexico (3.9 million), the Philippines (825,200), China (768,400), India (556,500) and Vietnam (502,600).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ppic.org/publication/immigrants-in-california/#:~:text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20California%27s,)%20and%20Vietnam%20(502%2C600) | title=Immigrants in California }}</ref>

California has the largest multiracial population in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/content/pubs/cacounts/CC_804LHCC.pdf|title=California's Multiracial Population}}</ref> California has the highest rate of [[interracial marriage]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-feb-16-la-me-interracial-marriage-20120216-story.html | title=California, West lead U.S. In interracial marriages, report finds | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 16, 2012 }}</ref>

By the year 1880, the most of California's immigrants came from Ireland, China, New York, Germany and England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Immigration to California: 1850-1900|url=https://www.californiahistoryteachers.com/blog/immigration-to-california-1850-1900#:~:text=After%201880%20Italians%20and%20Portuguese,than%20seven%20percent%20of%20Californians}}</ref>

Mexican is the most common ancestry in California, followed by English, German and Irish.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2023/california-population-ethnicity/#:~:text=Mexicans%20comprise%20the%20largest%20ethnic,of%20people%20of%20Irish%20descent.|title=California's population: Charts show how demographic is changing|newspaper=The San Francisco Chronicle |date=October 11, 2023 }}</ref>