Biblical canon

====Council of Trent====
{{main|Canon of Trent}}
In response to [[Martin Luther]]'s demands, the [[Council of Trent]] on 8 April 1546 approved the present [[Catholic Bible]] canon, which includes the [[deuterocanonical books]], and the decision was confirmed by an [[anathema]] by vote (24 yea, 15 nay, 16 abstain).{{sfnp|Metzger|1997|p=246|ps=. "Finally on 8 April 1546, by a vote of 24 to 15, with 16 abstentions, the Council issued a decree (''De Canonicis Scripturis'') in which, for the first time in the history of the Church, the question of the contents of the Bible was made an absolute article of faith and confirmed by an anathema."}} The council confirmed the same list as produced at the [[Council of Florence]] in 1442,<ref>{{cite web|title=Council of Basel 1431–45 A |date=14 December 1431 |url=http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ecum17.htm |website=Papalencyclicals.net |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref> Augustine's 397–419 [[Councils of Carthage]],<ref name="Schaff"/> and probably Damasus' 382 [[Council of Rome]].<ref name="Lindberg 2006 15" /><ref name="Cross">{{citation |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |edition=2nd |editor-first1=F.L. |editor-last1=Cross |editor-first2=E.A. |editor-last2=Livingstone |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1983 |page=232}}</ref> The Old Testament books that had been rejected by Luther were later termed "deuterocanonical", not indicating a lesser degree of inspiration, but a later time of final approval. The [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate]] contained in the Appendix several books considered as apocryphal by the council: [[Prayer of Manasseh]], [[1 Esdras|3 Esdras]], and [[2 Esdras|4 Esdras]].<ref name="BSVxx">Praefatio, ''Biblia Sacra Vulgata'', Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1983, p. xx. {{ISBN|3-438-05303-9}}</ref>