Winnipeg Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== {{Main|Transport in Winnipeg}} Winnipeg has had public transit since 1882, starting with [[horsecar|horse-drawn streetcars]].<ref name="horse">{{cite journal|last=Bradley|first=Walter|date=1958–1959|title=A History of Transportation in Winnipeg|journal=MHS Transactions |series=Third Series|issue=15|url=http://mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml}}</ref> They were replaced by [[electric tram|electric trolley cars]]. The trolley cars ran from 1892 to 1955, supplemented by motor [[bus]]es after 1918, and electric [[trolleybus]]es from 1938 to 1970.<ref name="horse"/> [[Winnipeg Transit]] now runs diesel buses on [[List of Winnipeg bus routes|its routes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myride.winnipegtransit.com/en/inside-transit/interestingtransitfacts/|title=Interesting Transit Facts|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310023357/http://winnipegtransit.com/en/about-us/interestingtransitfacts|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> [[File:Union Station Winnipeg - Main St entrance.jpg|thumb|left|[[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] is the [[intercity rail|inter-city]] [[railway station]] for the city.]] Winnipeg is a railway hub and is served by [[Via Rail]] at [[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Union Station]] for passenger rail, and [[Canadian National Railway]], [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[Burlington Northern Santa Fe Manitoba]], and the [[Central Manitoba Railway]] for [[Rail freight transport|freight rail]]. It is the only major city between Vancouver and [[Thunder Bay]] with direct US connections by rail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827123009/http://www.destinationwinnipeg.ca/uploads/document_file/rail-transportation_147.pdf|archivedate=27 August 2010|title=Rail transportation|publisher=Destination Winnipeg|accessdate=5 March 2014}}</ref> Winnipeg is the largest and best-connected city in Manitoba and has highways leading in all directions from the city. To the south, Winnipeg is connected to the United States via [[Manitoba Highway 75|Provincial Trunk Highway 75 (PTH 75)]] (a continuation of [[Interstate 29|I-29]] and [[U.S. Route 75|US 75]], known as Pembina Highway or [[Winnipeg Route 42|Route 42]] within Winnipeg). The highway runs {{convert|107|km|abbr=on}} to [[Emerson, Manitoba]], and is the busiest [[Canada–United States border]] crossing on the Prairies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |title = North American Inland Ports |publisher = NAIPN |accessdate=24 February 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061121153421/http://www.nascocorridor.com/naipn/pages/win_infra.html |archivedate = 21 November 2006}}</ref> The four-lane [[Perimeter Highway (Winnipeg)|Perimeter Highway]], built in 1969, serves as a [[beltway|Ring Road]], with [[at-grade intersection]]s and a few [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s. It allows travellers on the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] to bypass the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|format=PDF|title=Winnipeg's perimeter highway: "Disaster by design"|publisher=FCPP|accessdate=8 November 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310213006/http://archive.fcpp.org/posts/winnipegs-perimeter-highway-disaster-by-design|archivedate=10 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Trans-Canada Highway]] runs east to west through the city (city route), or circles around the city on the Perimeter Highway (beltway). Some of the city's major arterial roads include [[Winnipeg Route 80|Route 80 (Waverley St.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 155|Route 155 (McGillivray Blvd)]], [[Winnipeg Route 165|Route 165 (Bishop Grandin Blvd.)]], [[Winnipeg Route 17|Route 17 (Chief Peguis Trail)]], and [[Winnipeg Route 90|Route 90 (Brookside Blvd., Oak Point Hwy., King Edward St., Century St., Kenaston Blvd.)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120201710/http://transportation.speakupwinnipeg.com/files/2011/11/2011-11-01-TMPConsultationPanels.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=20 January 2012|date=2 November 2011|title=Winnipeg Transportation Master Plan|publisher=City of Winnipeg}}</ref> [[File:Winnipeg_International_Airport_arrivals_hall.jpg|thumb|[[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] is the only commercial [[international airport]] in the province.]] The [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport]] completed a $585 million redevelopment in October 2011. The development brought a new terminal, a four-level parking facility, and other infrastructure improvements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|work=Winnipeg Sun|author=Halstead, Jason|date=28 October 2011|title=Winnipeg's James A. Richardson International Airport ready for takeoff|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121214342/http://www.winnipegsun.com/2011/10/28/winnipegs-james-a-richardson-international-airport-ready-for-takeoff|archivedate=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Winnipeg Bus Terminal]], at Winnipeg International Airport, previously served by [[Greyhound Canada]] (through its subsidiary [[Grey Goose Bus Lines]]), Winnipeg Shuttle Service and Brandon Air Shuttle. Since Greyhound's exit from Western Canada, few remaining routes still serve the terminal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|title=Greyhound Canada plans move into new Winnipeg facility|date=9 June 2008|work=Daily Commercial News|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221529/http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id28183|archivedate=8 July 2011}}</ref> Approximately {{convert|20000|acre|abbr=on|order=flip}} of land to the north and west of the airport has been designated as an [[inland port]], [[CentrePort Canada]], and is Canada's first [[Foreign Trade Zone]]. It is a private sector initiative to develop the infrastructure for Manitoba's trucking, air, rail and sea industries.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html|title = CentrePort Canada |publisher=CentrePort Canada Inc|accessdate=4 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628065308/http://www.centreportcanada.ca/abouthtml.html |archivedate=28 June 2010}}</ref> In 2009, construction began on a $212 million four-lane freeway to connect CentrePort with the Perimeter Highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|title=Inland port's potential touted|work=Winnipeg Free Press|author=Cash, Martin|date=8 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215113200/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/inland-ports-potential-touted-44578912.html|archivedate=15 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Named CentrePort Canada Way, it opened in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cash|first=Martin|date=22 November 2013|title=PM Harper officially opens CentrePort Canada Way highway|work=Winnipeg Free Press|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105063859/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/PM-Harper-officially-opens-CentrePort-Canada-Way-highway--233022471.html|archivedate=5 November 2014}}</ref> Several taxi companies serve Winnipeg, the largest being Unicity, Duffy's Taxi and Spring Taxi. Ride-sharing was legalized in March 2018 and services including Uber operate in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|publisher=CBC|title=Two rides and a missing cowboy: CBC tries out new ride-hailing apps|date=2 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724191325/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/ride-hailing-apps-1.4559921|archivedate=24 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Cycling is popular in Winnipeg, and there are many bicycle trails and lanes around the city. Winnipeg holds an annual [[Bike-to-Work Day]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike+to+work+day+hits+winnipeg+streets/6442666475/story.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050235/http://www.globalwinnipeg.com/bike%2Bto%2Bwork%2Bday%2Bhits%2Bwinnipeg%2Bstreets/6442666475/story.html |archivedate=20 January 2013 |title=Bike to Work Day hits Winnipeg streets |publisher=Global Winnipeg |date=22 June 2012 |author=Batchelor, Megan |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Cyclovia]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Kives |first=Bartley |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |title=Cyclovia coming to downtown |work=Winnipeg Free Press |date=21 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303060119/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/cyclovia-coming-to-downtown-53929922.html |archivedate=3 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and bicycle commuters may be seen year-round, even in the winter. Active living infrastructure in Winnipeg includes [[bike lanes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|title=Bike Lanes|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050306/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/bike-lanes.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Shared lane marking|sharrows]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|title=Sharrows Usage Guidelines|publisher=City of Winnipeg|accessdate=30 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120050356/http://www.winnipeg.ca/publicworks/MajorProjects/ActiveTransportation/sharrows-usage-guidelines.stm|archivedate=20 January 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Medical centres and hospitals=== {{See also|List of hospitals in Manitoba}} Winnipeg's major hospitals include [[Health Sciences Centre (Winnipeg)|Health Sciences Centre]], [[Concordia Hospital]], [[Deer Lodge Centre]], [[Grace Hospital (Winnipeg)|Grace Hospital]], [[St. Boniface General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Saint Boniface General Hospital]], [[Seven Oaks General Hospital]], [[Victoria General Hospital (Winnipeg)|Victoria General Hospital]], and [[The Children's Hospital of Winnipeg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|title=WRHA Hospitals & Facilities|publisher=Winnipeg Regional Health Authority|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503071113/http://www.wrha.mb.ca/hospitals/index.php|archivedate=3 May 2009}}</ref> The [[National Microbiology Laboratory]] in Winnipeg is one of only a handful of [[biosafety level]] 4 microbiology laboratories in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|title=NML Overview|publisher=Public Health Agency of Canada|accessdate=17 July 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612232528/http://www.nml-lnm.gc.ca/overview-apercu-eng.htm|archivedate=12 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The NML houses laboratories of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease collocated in the same facility. Research facilities are also operated through hospitals and private biotechnology companies in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|accessdate=5 March 2014|publisher=Economic Development Winnipeg|title=Winnipeg Life Sciences|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022557/http://www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com/uploads/document_file/life_sciences_profile.pdf|archivedate=3 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|publisher=Manitoba Health Research Council|title=Working together|accessdate=5 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629213042/http://mhrc.mb.ca/partnerships/working-together/|archivedate=29 June 2014}}</ref> ===Utilities=== Water and sewage services are provided by the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water and Waste Department|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228173928/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/|archivedate=28 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city draws its water via an [[Greater Winnipeg Water District Aqueduct|aqueduct]] from [[Shoal Lake (Kenora District, Ontario)|Shoal Lake]], treating and [[water fluoridation|fluoridating]] it at the Deacon Reservoir just outside the city prior to pumping it into the Winnipeg system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water treatment program|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075800/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/treatment/default.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city's system has over {{convert|2500|km|abbr=on}} of underground water mains, which are subject to breakage due to corrosion and pressure from extreme dry, wet, or cold soil conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Water main breaks|accessdate=3 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303080332/http://winnipeg.ca/waterandwaste/water/mainbreaks.stm|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Electricity]] and [[natural gas]] are provided by [[Manitoba Hydro]], a provincial [[crown corporation]] headquartered in the city; it uses primarily [[hydroelectric]] power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|accessdate=3 March 2014|publisher=Manitoba Hydro|title=About Us|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303075516/https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml?WT.mc_id=2102|archivedate=3 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The primary telecommunications carrier is [[Bell MTS]], although other corporations offer telephone, cellular, television and internet services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bce-buys-manitoba-telecom-1.3561982|publisher=CBC News|title=BCE to buy Manitoba Telecom in friendly deal work $3.9B|last=Evans|first=Pete|date=2 May 2016}}</ref> Winnipeg contracts out several services to private companies, including garbage and recycling collection, street plowing and snow removal. This practice represents a significant budget expenditure. The services have faced numerous complaints from residents about missed service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winnipegsun.com/2016/10/12/epc-approves-new-garbage-contracts|newspaper=Winnipeg Sun|title=EPC approves new garbage contracts|last=Pursaga|first=Joyanne|date=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fcpp.org/2017/11/30/winnipeg-must-scrap-recycling-rfp/|publisher=Frontier Centre for Public Policy|title=Winnipeg Should Scrap Recycling RFP|last=Harding|first=Lee|date=30 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/city-could-save-3m-if-public-employees-removed-snow-cupe-1.3286005|publisher=CBC News|date=23 October 2015|title=City could save $3M if public employees removed snow: CUPE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.winnipeg.ca/w/58m2-dsq9/_variation_?cur=oEgt4p1Hh0O&from=root|publisher=City of Winnipeg|title=Visualized 311 Service Requests|accessdate=2 April 2021}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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