Tulsa, Oklahoma

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies based in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:The BOK Building.jpg|thumb|upright|The BOK Tower serves as the world headquarters for Williams Companies.]]

===Energy industry's legacy and resurgence===
The [[United States Oil and Gas Association]] was founded in Tulsa on October 13, 1917.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usoga.org/en/about_us/history/|title=A Brief History|publisher=usoga.org|access-date=May 26, 2014|archive-date=May 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010746/https://www.usoga.org/en/about_us/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Over the city's history many large oil companies have been headquartered in the city, including Warren Petroleum (which merged with [[Gulf Oil]] in what was then the largest merger in the energy industry), [[Skelly Oil]], [[Getty Oil]] and [[CITGO]]. In addition, [[ConocoPhillips]] was headquartered in nearby [[Bartlesville]]. Industry consolidation and increased offshore drilling threatened Tulsa's status as an oil capital, but new drilling techniques and the rise of natural gas have buoyed the growth of the city's energy sector.

Today, Tulsa is again home to the headquarters of many international oil- and gas-related companies, including [[Williams Companies]], [[ONE Gas]], [[Syntroleum]], [[ONEOK]], [[Laredo Petroleum]], Samson Resources, [[Helmerich & Payne]], [[Magellan Midstream Partners]], and Excel Energy.

===Diversification and emerging industries===
Tulsa has diversified to capitalize on its status as a regional hub with substantial innovation assets. Products from Tulsa manufacturers account for about sixty percent of Oklahoma's exports,<ref name="Jobs" /> and in 2001, the city's total [[GDP|gross product]] was in the top one-third of metropolitan areas, states, and countries, with more than {{Nowrap|$29 billion}} in total goods, growing at a rate of {{Nowrap|$250 million}} each year.<ref name="Do Business in Tulsa">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720005215/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=22 | archive-date=July 20, 2007| title=About Tulsa | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=April 27, 2007}}</ref>

Tulsa's primary employers are small and medium-sized businesses: there are 30 companies in Tulsa that employ more than 1,000 people locally,<ref name="Tulsa's Largest Employers">{{cite web | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/upload/2007%20Tulsa%20OK%20Largest%20Employers%20List.doc | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116131230/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/upload/2007%20Tulsa%20OK%20Largest%20Employers%20List.doc | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 16, 2006 | title=Tulsa's Largest Employers| publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | pages=3–5 | access-date=April 27, 2006|format=DOC}}</ref> and small businesses make up more than 80% of the city's companies.<ref name="Small Business Awards">{{cite web | date=May 14, 2006 | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/nlarchive2.asp?nlid=131 | title=Small Business Awards to honor Tulsa area business leaders | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=April 27, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116123856/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/nlarchive2.asp?nlid=131 | archive-date=November 16, 2006 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

During a national recession from 2001 to 2003, the city lost 28,000 jobs.<ref name="Jobs">{{cite news | date=January 25, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070125_Bu_E1_Jobga5510 | title=Job gains make 2006 record year | first=Laurie| last=Winslow | newspaper=[[Tulsa World]] | access-date=June 30, 2007}}</ref> In response, a development initiative, [[Vision 2025]], promised to incite economic growth and recreate lost jobs. Projects spurred by the initiative promised urban revitalization, infrastructure improvement, tourism development, riverfront retail development, and further diversification of the economy. By 2007, employment levels had surpassed pre-recession heights<ref name="Jobs" /><ref name="OSU Economic Report - Tulsa">{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://economy.okstate.edu/outlook/2006/2006%20Oklahoma%20Economic%20Outlook%20-%20Tulsa.pdf | title=2006 Oklahoma Economic Outlook| work=Oklahoma State University | publisher=Center for Applied Economic Research | page=1 | access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> and the city was in a significant economic development and investment surge.<ref name="Globe Street Retail">{{cite news | date=June 11, 2006 | url=http://www.globest.com/retail/news/midwest/20483-1.html | title=Cap Rates Turning More Investors Onto Tulsa | first=Connie | last=Gore | publisher=Globest.com | access-date=July 23, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021617/http://www.globest.com/retail/news/midwest/20483-1.html |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> This economic improvement is also seen in Tulsa's housing trends which show an average of a 6% increase in rent in 2010.<ref name="name">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1723:average-tulsa-apartment-rents-improve&catid=56:business&Itemid=110|title=Tulsa Today: Average Tulsa Apartment Rents Improve|access-date = October 27, 2010 }}</ref> Since 2006, more than 28,000 jobs have been added to the city. The unemployment rate of Tulsa in August 2014 was 4.5%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/general/934/phase-one-accomplishments |title=GrowMetroTulsa.com |publisher=GrowMetroTulsa.com |access-date=June 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730082609/http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/general/934/phase-one-accomplishments |archive-date=July 30, 2013  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?subjectid=48&articleid=20130204_48_0_TheTul553437 |title=Tulsa's Future program announces near-record 907 jobs in January |newspaper=Tulsa World |date=February 4, 2013 |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref>

Though the oil industry has historically dominated Tulsa's economy, efforts in economic diversification have created a base in the sectors of [[aerospace]], finance, technology, telecommunications, [[high tech]], and manufacturing.<ref name="Work in Tulsa" /> A number of substantial financial corporations are headquartered in Tulsa, the largest being the [[BOK Financial Corporation]]. Among these financial services firms are energy trading operations, asset management firms, investment funds, and a range of commercial banks. The national convenience store chain [[QuikTrip]], fast-casual restaurant chain [[Camille's Sidewalk Cafe]], and pizza chain [[Mazzio's]] are all headquartered in Tulsa, as is Southern regional BBQ restaurant [[Rib Crib]]. Tulsa is also home to the [[Marshall Brewing Company]].

Tulsa is also home to a burgeoning media industry, including [[PennWell]], consumer review website [[ConsumerAffairs]], [[Stephens Media Group]], ''[[This Land Press]]'', Educational Development Corporation (the parent publisher of [[Kane/Miller]]), [[GEB America]], Blooming Twig Books, and a full range of local media outlets, including ''[[Tulsa World]]'' and local magazines, radio and television. Tulsa is also a hub for national construction and engineering companies including [[Manhattan Construction Company]] and [[Flintco]]. A number of the [[Cherokee Nation Businesses]] are also headquartered or have substantial operations in Tulsa.

Tulsa's aerospace industry is substantial and growing. An [[American Airlines]] maintenance base at Tulsa International Airport is the city's largest employer and the largest maintenance facility in the world, serving as the airline's global maintenance and engineering headquarters.<ref name="American Airlines">{{cite web|url=http://www.aa.com/content/amrcorp/pressReleases/2005_03/03_tulmebase.jhtml |title=American's TUL Maintenance & Engineering Base Sets Goal to Achieve $500 Million in Revenue, Cost Savings By End of 2006 |publisher=American Airlines |access-date=July 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001063528/http://www.aa.com/content/amrcorp/pressReleases/2005_03/03_tulmebase.jhtml |archive-date=October 1, 2005  }}</ref>  American Airlines announced in February, 2020 that it will pour $550 million over seven years into its maintenance base, this being the largest single economic development investment in city history.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oklahomarailwaymuseum.org/plan-your-visit/exhibits-grounds/equipment/locomotives/okrx-814-emd-f9a/| title= American Airlines to invest $550 million to improve, expand Tulsa maintenance facility| publisher= Rhett Morgan, Tulsa World, February 28, 2020| access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref>  The [[Tulsa Ports|Tulsa Port of Catoosa]] and the Tulsa International Airport house extensive transit-focused industrial parks.<ref name="Port of Catoosa">{{cite web | url=http://catoosachamber.tripod.com/community.html| title=Tulsa Port of Catoosa | publisher=Catoosa Chamber of Commerce | access-date=July 14, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119005846/http://catoosachamber.tripod.com/community.html |archive-date = November 19, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Tulsa International Airport" /> Tulsa is also home to a division of [[Lufthansa]], the headquarters of [[Omni Air International]], and the [[Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology]].

Tulsa is also part of the Oklahoma-South Kansas Unmanned Aerial Systems ([[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]]) industry cluster, a region which awarded funding by the U.S. [[Small Business Administration]] to build on its progress as a hub this emerging industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma South Kansas UAS cluster|url=https://uascluster.com/|access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref>

As the second largest metropolitan area in Oklahoma and a hub for the growing [[Northeastern Oklahoma]]-[[Northwest Arkansas]]-[[Ozark Plateau|Southwestern Missouri]] corridor, the city is also home to a number of the region's most sophisticated law, accounting, and medical practices. Its location in the center of the nation also makes it a hub for logistics businesses; the [[Tulsa International Airport]] (TUL) and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa, connect the region with international trade and transportation.

[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] recently announced plans to build a more than 600,000-square-foot fulfillment center near Tulsa International Airport. The company will invest an estimated $130 million for this state-of-the-art facility, which will employ around 1,500 people with an annual payroll of roughly $50 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/amazon-announces-tulsa-fulfillment-center|title=Amazon announces Tulsa fulfillment center {{!}} Grow Metro Tulsa|website=www.growmetrotulsa.com|language=en|access-date=August 8, 2018|archive-date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808234211/http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/amazon-announces-tulsa-fulfillment-center|url-status=dead}}</ref>