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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===Driving ability=== {{main|Sleep-deprived driving}} The dangers of sleep deprivation are apparent on the road; the [[American Academy of Sleep Medicine]] (AASM) reports that one in every five serious motor vehicle injuries is related to driver fatigue, with 80,000 drivers falling asleep behind the wheel every day and 250,000 accidents every year related to sleep,<ref name="DrowsyDriving">{{cite web |title=Drowsy Driving Fact Sheet |url=http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources/FactSheets/DrowsyDriving.pdf |work=American Academy of Sleep Medicine |date=2 December 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718152642/http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources/FactSheets/DrowsyDriving.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> though the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration suggests the figure for [[traffic accidents]] may be closer to 100,000.<ref name="SleepDepReport">{{cite journal| vauthors = Carpenter S |author-link=Siri Carpenter|year=2001|title=Sleep deprivation may be undermining teen health|url=http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct01/sleepteen.html|url-status=live|journal=Monitor on Psychology|volume=32|issue=9|page=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006064800/http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct01/sleepteen.html|archive-date=6 October 2006}}</ref> The AASM recommends pulling off the road and taking a 15- or 20-minute nap to alleviate drowsiness.<ref name="DrowsyDriving" /> According to a 2000 study published in the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'', researchers in Australia and New Zealand reported that sleep deprivation can have some of the same hazardous effects as being drunk.<ref name="Drunkhazard">{{cite journal | vauthors = Williamson AM, Feyer AM | title = Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication | journal = Occupational and Environmental Medicine | volume = 57 | issue = 10 | pages = 649–655 | date = October 2000 | pmid = 10984335 | pmc = 1739867 | doi = 10.1136/oem.57.10.649 }}</ref> People who drove after being awake for 17–19 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.05 percent, which is the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries and Australia. Another study suggested that performance begins to degrade after 16 hours awake, and 21 hours awake was equivalent to a blood alcohol content of 0.08 percent, which is the [[blood alcohol limit]] for drunk driving in Canada, the U.S., and the U.K.<ref name="FatigueandAlcohol">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dawson D, Reid K | title = Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment | journal = Nature | volume = 388 | issue = 6639 | pages = 235 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9230429 | doi = 10.1038/40775 | s2cid = 4424846 | bibcode = 1997Natur.388..235D | doi-access = free }}</ref> The fatigue of drivers of goods trucks and passenger vehicles has come to the attention of authorities in many countries, where specific laws have been introduced with the aim of reducing the risk of traffic accidents due to driver fatigue. Rules concerning minimum break lengths, maximum shift lengths, and minimum time between shifts are common in the driving regulations used in different countries and regions, such as the [[drivers' working hours]] regulations in the European Union and [[hours of service]] regulations in the United States. The [[Exxon Valdez Oil Spill]] was the second largest oil spill in United States waters, after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. This accident occurred when an Exxon oil tanker struck a reef at [[Prince William Sound]] in Alaska. Approximately 10.8 million gallons of oil spilled into the sea. The accident caused great environmental damage, including the deaths of hundreds of thousands of birds and sea creatures. Fatigue and sleep deprivation were the major contributors to the accident. The captain of the ship was asleep after a night of heavy drinking; he was severely fatigued and had been awake for 18 hours. The entire crew was suffering from fatigue and inadequate sleep.<ref>{{ProQuest|2092623770}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page