Prohibition in the United States

===Economy===
A 2021 study in the ''Journal of Economic History'' found that counties that adopted Prohibition early subsequently had greater population growth and an increase in farm real estate values.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Howard|first1=Greg|last2=Ornaghi|first2=Arianna|date=2021|title=Closing Time: The Local Equilibrium Effects of Prohibition|journal=Journal of Economic History|volume=81|issue=3|pages=792–830|doi=10.1017/S0022050721000346|issn=0022-0507|s2cid=237393443|url=https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/151179/1/WRAP-Closing-time-local-equilibrium-effects-prohibition-2021.pdf |language=en}}</ref>

According to [[Washington State University]], Prohibition had a negative impact on the American economy. Prohibition caused the loss of at least $226 million per annum in tax revenues on liquors alone; supporters of the prohibition expected an increase in the sales of non-alcoholic beverages to replace the money made from alcohol sales, but this did not happen. Furthermore, "Prohibition caused the shutdown of over 200 distilleries, a thousand breweries, and over 170,000 liquor stores". Finally, it is worth noting that "the amount of money used to enforce prohibition started at $6.3 million in 1921 and rose to $13.4 million in 1930, almost double the original amount".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Unintended Consequences of Prohibition: Negative Economic Impacts of Prohibition |url=http://digitalexhibits.wsulibs.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/prohibition-in-the-u-s/negative-economic-impacts-of-p |website=wsu.edu |publisher=Washington State University |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=May 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517120157/http://digitalexhibits.wsulibs.wsu.edu/exhibits/show/prohibition-in-the-u-s/negative-economic-impacts-of-p |url-status=live }}</ref>
A 2015 study estimated that the [[repeal of Prohibition]] had a net social benefit of "$432 million per annum in 1934–1937, about 0.33% of gross domestic product. Total benefits of $3.25 billion consist primarily of increased consumer and producer surplus, tax revenues, and reduced criminal violence costs."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vitaliano|first=Donald F.|date=2015|title=Repeal of Prohibition: A Benefit-Cost Analysis|journal=Contemporary Economic Policy|language=en|volume=33|issue=1|pages=44–55|doi=10.1111/coep.12065|s2cid=152489725|issn=1465-7287}}</ref>

When 3.2 percent alcohol beer was legalized in 1933, it created 81,000 jobs within a three-month span.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021|title=Estimates of employment gains attributable to beer legalization in spring 1933|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498321000498|journal=Explorations in Economic History|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101427|issn=0014-4983|last1=Poelmans|first1=Eline|last2=Taylor|first2=Jason E.|last3=Raisanen|first3=Samuel|last4=Holt|first4=Andrew C.|volume=84|page=101427|s2cid=240509048|access-date=September 22, 2021|archive-date=September 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922025639/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498321000498|url-status=live}}</ref>