Pedophilia

==History==
Pedophilia is believed to have occurred in humans throughout history.<ref>{{cite book |last= Seto |first= Michael |date= 2008 |title= Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children |url= https://archive.org/details/pedophiliasexual00seto |location= Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychological Association |page= [https://archive.org/details/pedophiliasexual00seto/page/n25 13] |isbn= 9781433801143 }}</ref> The term ''paedophilie'' (in German) has been used since the late 1830s by researchers of [[pederasty in ancient Greece]].<ref name="janssen"/> The term "paedophilia erotica" was coined in an 1896 article by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] psychiatrist [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]] but does not enter the author's ''[[Psychopathia Sexualis (Richard von Krafft-Ebing book)|Psychopathia Sexualis]]''<ref name=Krafft-Ebing>{{Cite book | last1 = Von Krafft-Ebing | first1 = Richard |others= Translated to English by Francis Joseph Rebman | title = Psychopathia Sexualis | url = https://archive.org/details/psychopathiasex01krafgoog | year = 1922 | publisher = Medical Art Agency | pages = [https://archive.org/details/psychopathiasex01krafgoog/page/n569 552]–560 | isbn = 978-1-871592-55-9 }}</ref> until the 10th German edition.<ref name="janssen">{{cite journal |last=Janssen |first=D.F. |year=2015 |title="Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology |journal=Medical History |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=575–598 |doi=10.1017/mdh.2015.47 |issn=0025-7273 |pmc=4595948 |pmid=26352305 |quote=Von Krafft-Ebing described Pädophilia erotica provisionally as ‘eine krankhafte Disposition, eine psychosexuale Perversion’ [a morbid disposition, a psychosexual perversion] in an 1896 aetiological paper on Unzucht, excluding those ‘pubertati proximi’ from the paedophilic age range. The term entered his textbook on psychiatry first in its sixth, 1897 edition, his Psychopathia Sexualis in the tenth German edition of 1898, the English language in that edition’s 1899 translation, the French language (as pédophilie érotique) in 1900 and the Italian language (pedofilia erotica) about 1902.}}</ref> A number of authors anticipated Krafft-Ebing's diagnostic gesture.<ref name="janssen"/> In ''Psychopathia Sexualis'', the term appears in a section titled "Violation of Individuals Under the Age of Fourteen", which focuses on the [[forensic psychiatry]] aspect of [[Child sexual abuse#Offenders|child sexual offenders]] in general. Krafft-Ebing describes several typologies of offender, dividing them into [[psychopathology|psychopathological]] and non-psychopathological origins, and hypothesizes several apparent causal factors that may lead to the sexual abuse of children.<ref name=Krafft-Ebing/>

Krafft-Ebing mentioned ''paedophilia erotica'' in a typology of "psycho-sexual perversion". He wrote that he had only encountered it four times in his career and gave brief descriptions of each case, listing three common traits:
# The individual is tainted [by heredity] (''hereditär belastete'').<ref name="Roudinesco">Roudinesco, Élisabeth (2009). ''Our dark side: a history of perversion,'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=W3ejX6C_qfwC&pg=PA144 p. 144.] {{Webarchive | url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140628092618/http://books.google.com/books?id=W3ejX6C_qfwC&pg=PA144 | date = 2014-06-28 }} Polity, {{ISBN |978-0-7456-4593-3}}</ref>
# The subject's primary attraction is to children, rather than adults.
# The acts committed by the subject are typically not intercourse, but rather involve inappropriate touching or manipulating the child into performing an act on the subject.

He mentions several cases of pedophilia among adult women (provided by another physician), and also considered the [[homosexuality and pedophilia|abuse of boys by homosexual men]] to be extremely rare.<ref name=Krafft-Ebing/> Further clarifying this point, he indicated that cases of adult men who have some medical or [[neurology|neurological]] disorder and abuse a male child are not true pedophilia and that, in his observation, victims of such men tended to be older and pubescent. He also lists ''pseudopaedophilia'' as a related condition wherein "individuals who have lost [[libido]] for the adult through masturbation and subsequently turn to children for the gratification of their sexual appetite" and claimed this is much more common.<ref name=Krafft-Ebing/>

Austrian neurologist [[Sigmund Freud]] briefly wrote about the topic in his 1905 book ''[[Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality]]'', in a section titled ''The Sexually immature and Animals as Sexual objects.'' He wrote that exclusive pedophilia was rare and only occasionally were prepubescent children exclusive objects. He wrote that they usually were the subject of desire when a weak person "makes use of such substitutes" or when an uncontrollable instinct which will not allow delay seeks immediate gratification and cannot find a more appropriate object.<ref>Freud, Sigmund Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex Mobi Classics pages 18–20</ref>

In 1908, [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[neuroanatomy|neuroanatomist]] and psychiatrist [[Auguste Forel]] wrote of the phenomenon, proposing that it be referred to it as "Pederosis", the "Sexual Appetite for Children". Similar to Krafft-Ebing's work, Forel made the distinction between incidental sexual abuse by persons with [[dementia]] and other organic brain conditions, and the truly preferential and sometimes exclusive sexual desire for children. However, he disagreed with Krafft-Ebing in that he felt the condition of the latter was largely ingrained and unchangeable.<ref name=Forel>{{Cite book | last1 = Forel | first1 = Auguste |others= Translated to English by C.F. Marshall, MD | title = The Sexual Question: A scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study for the cultured classes | url = https://archive.org/details/sexualquestionsc00fore | year = 1908 | publisher = Rebman | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sexualquestionsc00fore/page/254 254]–255 }}</ref>

The term ''pedophilia'' became the generally accepted term for the condition and saw widespread adoption in the early 20th century, appearing in many popular [[Medical dictionary|medical dictionaries]] such as the 5th Edition of ''Stedman's'' in 1918. In 1952, it was included in the first edition of the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]''.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders |author= American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics | year = 1952 |edition= 1st | publisher = The Association | location = Washington, D.C | page = 39 }}</ref> This edition and the subsequent DSM-II listed the disorder as one subtype of the classification "Sexual Deviation", but no diagnostic criteria were provided. The DSM-III, published in 1980, contained a full description of the disorder and provided a set of guidelines for diagnosis.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders | url = https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer |author= American Psychiatric Association: Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics | year = 1980 |edition= 3rd | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | page = [https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer/page/271 271]}}</ref> The revision in 1987, the DSM-III-R, kept the description largely the same, but updated and expanded the diagnostic criteria.<ref>{{Cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R | year = 1987 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, DC | isbn = 978-0-89042-018-8 | url = https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer_1 }}</ref>