New York City

=== Race and ethnicity ===
{{Main|Race and ethnicity in New York City|New York City ethnic enclaves}}
The city's population in 2020 was 31.2% [[White Americans|White]] (non-Hispanic), 29.0% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]], 23.1% [[African Americans in New York City|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic), 14.5% [[Asian Americans in New York City|Asian]], and 0.6% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (non-Hispanic), with 8.9% listing two or more races.<ref name=QuickFacts/> A total of 3.4% of the non-Hispanic population identified with [[Multiracial Americans|more than one race]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=new%20york%20city&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |title = 2020 Decennial Census |publisher = U.S. Census Bureau |access-date = February 11, 2022 }}</ref>

Based on date from 2018 to 2022, approximately 36.3% of the city's population is [[foreign born]] (compared to 13.7% nationwide),<ref name=QuickFacts/> and 40% of all children are born to mothers who are immigrants.<ref>Camarota, Steven A.; Zeigler, Karen; and Richwine, Jason. [https://cis.org/Report/Births-Legal-and-Illegal-Immigrants-US ''Births to Legal and Illegal Immigrants in the U.S; A look at health insurance coverage among new mothers by legal status at the state and local level''], [[Center for Immigration Studies]], October 9, 2018. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Among the nation's largest metro areas, immigrants (legal and illegal) account for half or nearly half of births in Miami, San Francisco, and San Jose, Calif. They are two out of five births in Los Angeles and the New York City area."</ref> Throughout its history, New York has been a major [[port of entry]] for immigrants into the United States.<ref name="CityDiversity">{{cite news |last = Semple |first = Kirk |date = June 8, 2013 |title = City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok it|newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |url = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/09/nyregion/new-york-citys-newest-immigrant-enclaves.html?pagewanted=all |access-date = June 12, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NYC immigration">[https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/nny2013/nny_2013.pdf ''The Newest New Yorkers: 2013''], [[New York City Department of City Planning]], December 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The immigrant share of the population has also doubled since 1965, to 37 percent. With foreign-born mothers accounting for 51 percent of all births, approximately 6-in-10 New Yorkers are either immigrants or the children of immigrants."</ref> No single country or region of origin dominates.<ref name="CityDiversity" /> The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city {{As of|2011|lc=y}} were the [[Dominicans in New York City|Dominican Republic]], [[Chinese Americans in New York City|China]], Mexico, [[Guyanese American|Guyana]], [[Jamaican Americans|Jamaica]], [[Ecuadorian Americans|Ecuador]], [[Haitian Americans|Haiti]], [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|India]], [[Russian Americans in New York City|Russia]], and [[Caribbeans in New York City|Trinidad and Tobago]],<ref>{{cite news |last = Semple |first = Kirk |date = December 18, 2013 |title = Immigration Remakes and Sustains City, a Report Concludes |newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/nyregion/chinese-diaspora-transforms-new-yorks-immigrant-population-report-finds.html |access-date = December 18, 2013 }}</ref> Queens has the largest [[Asian American]] and [[Andean states|Andean]] populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically and linguistically diverse urban area in the world.<ref name=QueensMostDiverseWorld3>{{cite web |url = https://www.businessinsider.com/queens-languages-map-2017-2 |author = Lubin, Gus |date = February 15, 2017 |title = Queens Has More Languages Than Anywhere in the World – Here's Where They're Found |work = Business Insider |access-date = January 4, 2023 }}</ref><ref name="QueensMostDiverseWorld2"/> 
{{multiple image
  | title         = [[New York City ethnic enclaves]]
  | align         = right
  | perrow        = 2
  | total_width   = 300
  | caption_align = center
  | image1        = Chinatown,_New_York_(18076448908).jpg
  | caption1      = [[Little Fuzhou]], Manhattan
  | image2        = Little Italy NY Street.JPG
  | caption2      = [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]], Manhattan
  | image3        = Brighton_beach_(7434138858).jpg
  | caption3      = [[Brighton Beach#Russian-speaking culture|Little Russia]], Brooklyn
  | image4        = 74th St shopping Jax Hts jeh.jpg
  | caption4      = [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Little India]], Queens
}}

The metropolitan area has the largest [[Asian Indian]] population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,<ref name="U.S. Department of Homeland Security" /> [[Italian American]], and [[African American]] populations; the largest [[Dominican American]], [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City|Puerto Rican American]], and South American<ref name="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">{{cite web |title = Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |url = https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm |access-date = July 18, 2014 |publisher = [[U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] }}</ref> and second-largest overall [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanic]] population in the United States, numbering 4.8&nbsp;million.<ref name="HispanicLatino">{{cite web |title = Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 |url = http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212213707/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table |archive-date = February 12, 2020 |access-date = October 8, 2014 |publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] }}</ref> [[Venezuelan Americans|Venezuela]], Ecuador, [[Colombian Americans|Colombia]], [[Guyanese Americans|Guyana]], [[Peruvian Americans|Peru]], and [[Brazilian Americans|Brazil]], are the top source countries from [[South American Americans|South America]] for immigrants to the New York City region; the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], and [[Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans|Trinidad and Tobago]] in the [[Caribbeans in New York City|Caribbean]]; [[Nigerian Americans|Nigeria]], [[Egyptian Americans|Egypt]], [[Ghanaian Americans|Ghana]], [[Tanzanian Americans|Tanzania]], [[Kenyan Americans|Kenya]], and [[South African Americans|South Africa]] from [[African immigration to the United States|Africa]]; and [[Salvadoran Americans|El Salvador]], [[Honduran Americans|Honduras]], and [[Guatemalan Americans|Guatemala]] in [[Central America]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013 |url = https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140712214124/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |access-date = March 6, 2015 |archive-date = July 12, 2014 |publisher = [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] |url-status = dead }}</ref>

New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.<ref>{{cite web |title = Asian American Statistics |url = http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html |access-date = July 5, 2011 |publisher = Améredia Incorporated }}</ref> [[Asian Americans in New York City]], according to the 2010 census, number more than 1.2&nbsp;million,<ref name=QuickFacts/> greater than the combined totals of [[San Francisco]] and [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Semple |first = Kirk |date = June 23, 2011 |title = Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers |work = [[The New York Times]] |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html |access-date = July 5, 2011 |quote = Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's [[kaleidoscope|kaleidoscopic]] racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly one in eight New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined. }}</ref> New York has the largest [[Chinese people in New York City|Chinese]] population of any city outside Asia,<ref name="NYCLargestChinesePopulation">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peter-liang-divides-chinese-americans.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0|title=Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans|author=Vivian Yee|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 22, 2015|access-date=November 17, 2023|quote=Now they are reaching out to the Chinese-language press, contacting lawyers to advise Officer Liang and planning a protest march in New York, a city with the largest Chinese population outside of Asia.}}</ref> [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Manhattan's Chinatown]] is the highest concentration of Chinese people in the [[Western Hemisphere]],<ref name="fact-sheet">* {{cite web |url = http://www.explorechinatown.com/PDF/FactSheet.pdf |title = Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet |publisher = www.explorechinatown.com |access-date = August 28, 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url = http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html |title = The History of New York's Chinatown |first = Sarah |last = Waxman |publisher = Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc |access-date = August 28, 2022 |quote = Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side. }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104 |title = Still the golden door: the Third ...&nbsp;– Google Books |first = David M. |last = Reimers |access-date = August 28, 2022 |isbn = 9780231076814 |year = 1992 |publisher = Columbia University Press }}
* {{cite web |url = http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf |title = Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4 |author = Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz |publisher = Middle States Geographer, 2002, 35: 110–119, Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers |access-date = August 28, 2022 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075400/http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf |archive-date = October 29, 2012 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104 |title = Still the golden door: the Third ...&nbsp;– Google Books |first = David M. |last = Reimers |access-date = August 28, 2022 |isbn = 9780231076814 |year = 1992 |publisher = Columbia University Press }}</ref> and Queens is home to the largest [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] population outside Asia.<ref name="UnreachedNY">{{cite web |date = July 17, 2012 |title = Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY |url = http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/ |access-date = October 27, 2014 |publisher = GLOBAL GATES |archive-date = October 27, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141027192509/http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Arab Americans]] number over 160,000 in New York City,<ref>{{cite web |title = A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City |url = http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212113/http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm |archive-date = November 8, 2014 |access-date = October 9, 2014 |publisher = Allied Media Corp }}</ref> with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. [[Demographics of Central Asia|Central Asians]], primarily [[Uzbek American]]s, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic White population.<ref>{{cite web |title = Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2 |url = https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents |access-date = July 19, 2014 |publisher = [[U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] }}</ref> The metropolitan area is home to 20% of the nation's [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|Indian Americans]] and at least twenty [[Little India (location)|Little India]] enclaves, and 15% of all [[Korean Americans in New York City|Korean Americans]] and four [[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatowns]].<ref name=NYCAmericanCommunitySurvey>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/|title=Explore Census Data|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref>

New York City has the largest [[European American|European]] and [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] population of any American city, with 2.7&nbsp;million in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title = American FactFinder—Results |url = http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212212412/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table |archive-date = February 12, 2020 |access-date = October 8, 2014 |publisher = [[U.S. Department of Commerce]] }}</ref> The [[European diaspora]] residing in the city is very diverse and many [[New York City ethnic enclaves#European|European ethnic groups have formed enclaves]].<ref name=BrightonBeachRussianSpeakingEpicenter>{{cite web |url=http://untappedcities.com/2014/01/23/nyc-micro-neighborhoods-little-odessa-brighton-beach-brooklyn/ |title=NYC's Micro Neighborhoods: Little Odesa in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn|author=Brennan Ortiz|year=2014|work=Untapped Cities (online, January 23)|access-date=October 22, 2023}}</ref><ref name=AstoriaNYCGreektown1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/15/arts/astoria-a-greek-isle-in-the-new-york-city-sea.html|title=Astoria, a Greek Isle in the New York City Sea|author=Richard F. Shepard|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 15, 1991|access-date=October 22, 2023}}</ref><ref name=AstoriaNYCGreektown2>{{cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2022/06/18/the-ever-changing-face-of-greektown-in-astoria-queens-video/|title=Astoria: The Ever-Changing Greektown of New York|author=Kerry Kolasa-Sikiaridi|publisher=Greek Reporter|date=June 18, 2022|access-date=October 22, 2023}}</ref> New York City is home to the highest [[Jews in New York City|Jewish population]] of any city in the world, numbering 1.6 million in 2022, more than [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Jerusalem]] combined.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcript: Mayor Eric Adams Discusses Coordinated Efforts That Stopped Potential Attack on Jewish Community |url=https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/855-22/transcript-mayor-eric-adams-coordinated-efforts-stopped-potential-attack-jewish |website=Nyc.gov |date=21 November 2022}}</ref> In the borough of Brooklyn, an estimated one in four residents is Jewish.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Danailova |first1=Hilary |title=Brooklyn, the Most Jewish Spot on Earth |url=https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/01/11/brooklyn-jewish-spot-earth/ |work=[[Hadassah Magazine]] |date=January 2018}}</ref>