New World Order (conspiracy theory)

===Gradualism===
Conspiracy theorists generally speculate that the New World Order is being implemented [[Gradualism#Politics and society|gradually]], citing the formation of the [[U.S. Federal Reserve System]] in 1913; the [[League of Nations]] in 1919; the [[International Monetary Fund]] in 1944; the United Nations in 1945; the [[World Bank]] in 1945; the [[World Health Organization]] in 1948; the [[European Union]] and the [[Euro]] in 1993; the [[World Trade Organization]] in 1998; the [[African Union]] in 2002, and the [[Union of South American Nations]] in 2008 as major milestones.<ref name="Barkun 2003"/>

An increasingly popular conspiracy theory among American [[right-wing populism|right-wing populists]] is that the hypothetical [[North American Union]] and the [[amero currency]], proposed by the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and its counterparts in [[Mexico]] and [[Canada]], will be the next milestone in the implementation of the New World Order. The theory holds that a group of shadowy and mostly nameless international elites is planning to replace the [[federal government of the United States]] with a [[transnationality|transnational]] government. Therefore, conspiracy theorists believe the borders between Mexico, Canada, and the United States are in the process of being erased, covertly, by a group of globalists whose ultimate goal is to replace national governments in Washington, D.C., Ottawa, and Mexico City with a European-style political union and a bloated E.U.-style bureaucracy.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

Skeptics argue that the North American Union exists only as a proposal contained in one of a thousand academic and policy papers published each year that advocate all manner of idealistic but ultimately unrealistic approaches to social, economic, and political problems. Most of these are passed around in their circles and eventually filed away and forgotten by junior staffers in congressional offices. However, some of these papers become touchstones for the conspiracy-minded and form the basis of all kinds of unfounded xenophobic fears, especially during times of economic anxiety.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

For example, in March 2009, as a result of the [[late-2000s financial crisis]], the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation pressed for urgent consideration of a new international [[reserve currency]] and the [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] proposed greatly expanding the I.M.F.'s [[special drawing rights]]. Conspiracy theorists fear these proposals are a call for the U.S. to adopt a [[world currency#Single world currency|single global currency]] for a New World Order.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/state/41919847.html?page=1&c=y|title=Bachmann: No foreign currency|date=26 March 2009|newspaper=Star Tribune|access-date=3 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thinkprogress.org/2009/03/25/from-drudge-to-fox/|title=The Right-Wing Echo Chamber In Action: How A Conspiracy Travels From Drudge To Obama, Via Fox News|website=[[ThinkProgress]]|access-date=18 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515052509/http://thinkprogress.org/2009/03/25/from-drudge-to-fox|archive-date=15 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Judging that both national governments and global institutions have proven ineffective in addressing global problems that go beyond the capacity of individual nation-states to solve, some political scientists critical of New World Order conspiracism, such as Mark C. Partridge, argue that [[regionalism (international relations)|regionalism]] will be the major force in the coming decades, pockets of power around regional centers: Western Europe around Brussels, the Western Hemisphere around Washington, D.C., East Asia around Beijing, and Eastern Europe around Moscow. As such, the E.U., the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]], and the [[G-20 major economies|G-20]] will likely become more influential as time progresses. The question then is not whether [[global governance]] is gradually emerging, but rather how will these [[regional powers]] interact with one another.<ref name="Partridge 2008">{{cite journal |last=Partridge |first=Mark C |title=One World Government: Conspiracy Theory or Inevitable Future? |journal=[[The Diplomatic Courier]] |date=14 December 2008 |url=http://www.diplomaticourier.org/kmitan/articleback.php?newsid=259 |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-date=17 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817053548/http://www.diplomaticourier.org/kmitan/articleback.php?newsid=259 }}</ref>
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