Memphis, Tennessee

===2010===
{{As of|2010|4|1|alt=As of the [[2010 United States Census]]}}, there were 652,078 people and 245,836 households in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4748000.html|title=Memphis (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|website=Quickfacts.census.gov|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=February 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207204337/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4748000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The population density was 2,327.4 people per sq&nbsp;mi (898.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 271,552 housing units at an average density of {{convert|972.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.33% [[African American]], 29.39% [[White American|White]], 1.46% [[Asian American]], 1.57% [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]], 1.45% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 6.49% of the population.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,285, and the median income for a family was $37,767. Males had a median income of $31,236 versus $25,183 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,838. About 17.2% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18, and 15.4% of those age 65 or over. In 2011, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked the Memphis area as the poorest large metro area in the country.<ref name=WMCTV>{{cite web|title=Census data: Memphis ranks as poorest city in United States|url=http://www.wmctv.com/story/15536366/census-data-memphis-ranks-as-poorest-city-in-united-states|access-date=|archive-date=September 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926170822/http://www.wmctv.com/story/15536366/census-data-memphis-ranks-as-poorest-city-in-united-states |url-status=dead|first=Anna Marie |last=Hartman|date = September 23, 2011}}</ref> Jeff Wallace of the University of Memphis noted that the problem was related to decades of segregation in government and schools. He said that it was a low-cost job market, but other places in the world could offer cheaper labor, and the workforce was undereducated for today's challenges.<ref name=WMCTV />

The [[Memphis Metropolitan Area|Memphis Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (MSA), the [[List of United States metropolitan statistical areas by population|42nd largest]] in the United States, has a 2010 population of 1,316,100 and includes the Tennessee counties of [[Shelby County, Tennessee|Shelby]], [[Tipton County, Tennessee|Tipton]] and [[Fayette County, Tennessee|Fayette]]; as well as the northern [[Mississippi]] counties of [[DeSoto County, Mississippi|DeSoto]], [[Marshall County, Mississippi|Marshall]], [[Tate County, Mississippi|Tate]], and [[Tunica County, Mississippi|Tunica]]; and [[Crittenden County, Arkansas]], all part of the [[Mississippi Delta]].

The total metropolitan area has a higher proportion of whites and a higher per capita income than the population in the city. The 2010 census shows that the Memphis metro area is close to a [[majority-minority]] population:

<blockquote>the white population is 47.9 percent of the eight-county area's 1,316,100 residents. The non-Hispanic white population, a designation frequently used in census reports, was 46.2 percent of the total. The African American percentage was 45.7. For several decades, the Memphis metro area has had the highest percentage of black population among the nation's large metropolitan areas. The area has seemed on a path to become the nation's first metro area of one million or more with a majority black population.<ref name="demo">{{cite web|url=http://www.smartcitymemphis.com/2011/06/memphis-regions-trends-advance/ |first=Jimmie|last= Covington|title=Memphis Region's Demographic Trends/ Advance|website= Smart City Memphis |date= June 9, 2011}}</ref></blockquote>

In a reverse trend of the Great Migration, numerous African Americans and other minorities have moved into DeSoto County, and blacks have followed suburban trends, moving into the suburbs of Shelby County.<ref name="demo" />

Anglo-American migrants, Irish and German immigrants contributed to Memphis's population rise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/memphis/#:~:text=From%20a%20population%20of%20fewer,famines%20following%20the%20potato%20blight.|title=Memphis - Tennessee Encyclopedia}}</ref>