Justification (theology)

===''Sola fide''===
{{Main article|Sola fide}}
Luther's reformulation of justification introduced the phrase ''[[sola fide]]'', or "by faith alone".<ref name="Griffith 2018">{{cite journal |last=Griffith |first=Howard |date=Spring 2018 |title=Luther in 1520: Justification by Faith Alone |url=https://journal.rts.edu/article/luther-in-1520-justification-by-faith-alone/ |journal=Reformed Faith & Practice: The Journal of Reformed Theological Seminary |publisher=[[Reformed Theological Seminary]] |location=[[Orlando, Florida]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=[https://journal.rts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Cumulative-3.1-w-cover.pdf 28-37] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203011553/https://journal.rts.edu/article/luther-in-1520-justification-by-faith-alone/ |archive-date=3 December 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> That phrase has been one of the uniting factors among various Protestant denominations; despite the wide variety of doctrines and practices among Protestants, they all agree that one is saved (often meaning "justified") by faith alone.<ref name="Griffith 2018"/>

Anglican bishop [[Tom Wright (theologian)|N.T. Wright]] has written extensively on the topic of justification<ref>See N.T. Wright, "The Shape of Justification" [http://www.thepaulpage.com/Shape.html on The Paul Page]; "Justification: The Biblical Basis and its Relevance for Contemporary Evangelicalism" [http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_Justification_Biblical_Basis.pdf on N.T. Wright Page]
</ref> (see also [[New Perspective on Paul]]). His views are troubling to many evangelicals, and have sparked some debate. Those concerned with his view of justification worry that he marginalizes the importance of the [[Penal substitution|penal substitutionary transaction]] that takes place at salvation. Defenders of Wright respond by saying that, while the bishop acknowledges advocacy of penal substitution in many biblical texts, he does not see its application in scriptures other evangelicals might. Proponents of Wright's view of justification warn detractors to "read him well" before criticizing his theology forthright.